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Africa
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India’s national TB programme
Published in Helen Macdonald, Ian Harper, Understanding Tuberculosis and Its Control, 2019
Notably, only some informants who viewed taking TB medicine after consuming alcohol as dangerous did in fact not take their meds. However, among those who did take their medication, several reported feeling worried about doing so. Those who waited before resuming medication felt it was safer to miss a dose than risk side effects. Doctors interviewed felt it was important to give patients a strong message that drinking was not permitted while consuming TB medication. A few remembered hearing or reading that one could suffer liver disease and jaundice if one consumed alcohol and isoniazid. Isoniazid does indeed have hepatotoxic side effects known to affect those with pre-existing liver damage—such as that associated with a history of alcohol abuse. However, consuming isoniazid after having an occasional drink has never been associated with harm. Other doctors stated that the strong message never to drink alcohol was really an indirect way of telling patients they should not have sex with their wives when infectious, something not explicitly mentioned. I would also note that those who drank alcohol, even at low levels, were commonly referred to by health staff as ‘alcoholics’ and considered recalcitrant.
Acquired Circulating Anticoagulants And Defective Hemostasis In Malignant Paraprotein Disorders
Published in Genesio Murano, Rodger L. Bick, Basic Concepts of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, 2019
Several cases of acquired inhibitors to Factor XIII (fibrin stabilizing factor) have been reported.20 In most instances, development of the inhibitor has followed therapy with Isoniazid®. In most patients, the Isoniazid® had been used for several years before the inhibitor appeared. The specific type of immunoglobulin has not been defined; however, several studies have revealed that antibody activity appears to be directed against the alpha chain21 of Factor XIII.
Isoniazid
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Isoniazid, isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH or INH), was discovered independently in 1952 at both Squibb and Roche Laboratories (Bernstein et al., 1952; Fox, 1953). Animal studies showed that isoniazid was a very potent antituberculosis drug, and subsequent clinical trials confirmed its high efficacy for the treatment of human tuberculosis (An Interim Report, 1952). Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis and has potent early bactericidal activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is relatively nontoxic, inexpensive, and remains an important first-line drug for the treatment of tuberculosis.
The cascade of care for pregnant women with latent tuberculosis infection in a high-income country
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2023
Åsa Arvidsson, Gihan Lafta, Martina Sönnerbrandt, Karin Sundelin, Jakob Paues
Pregnant women from countries with high TB incidence who seek Maternal Health Care (MHC) clinics are an opportunity to screen individuals that have not been screened previously and the Public Health Agency of Sweden recommends screening for TB in this group [12]. In Östergötland county such a screening program has been active since 2013. The screening criteria were pregnant women from high-endemic countries (>100 cases/100,000/year). Pregnant women with LTBI who are recently exposed to TB or have a compromised immune system are recommended to start prophylactic LTBI-treatment during the pregnancy. Otherwise, an individual assessment is done as soon as possible after childbirth [12]. Factors that could influence the decision to treat are, e.g. age, parity, recent TB exposure, previous treatment for latent or active TB and time in Sweden. It is known that age over 35 years increases the risk for hepatotoxicity [13] and that a recent exposure increases the risk of developing active TB [14]. How the number of previous pregnancies influences the risk of developing active TB is less known. Previous studies indicate that parity does not play a role [15,16]. LTBI treatment options are daily isoniazid for 6 or 9 months, rifampicin for 4 months or rifampicin plus isoniazid for 3 months [2]. Both rifampicin and isoniazid are safe to use during pregnancy [17,18]. The risk of drug-related adverse events should be balanced against the potential benefits of treatment [2].
Adjunctive Intravitreal Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Moxifloxacin Therapy in Management of Intraocular Tubercular Granulomas
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2023
Manisha Agarwal, Chanda Gupta, K Varsha Mohan, Pramod K Upadhyay, Aditi Dhawan, Vivek Jha
A multidrug therapy regimen of ATT should not logically allow multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB) to emerge. Yet, it is a well phenomenon in pulmonary TB and other extrapulmonary sites. Moreover, reports of MDR-TB are emerging in ophthalmic literature and posing a major therapeutic challenge that calls for innovative host directed therapies.20–24 Of all the drugs that are used to treat TB, isoniazid is the only bactericidal drug which blocks the cell wall synthesis of the dividing Mtb, and its efficacy is determined directly by the rate of the multiplication of Mtb.25 Also, isoniazid is not effective against non-multiplying or dormant Mtb. Wayna et al.26 demonstrated that Mtb stops multiplying and goes into dormancy in hypoxic conditions.
Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) versus extra-amniotic saline infusion (EASI) for cervical ripening at term: a randomised controlled trial
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Ladan Haghighi, Behnaz Mohabbatian, Zahra Najmi, Samaneh Rokhgireh, Samira Saadatjoo, Yousef Moradi, Mojgan Mokhtari
There is some evidence that the effect of INH on cervical ripening may be partially due to NO production in the cervix. It has previously been shown that injection of INH causes a significant increase in the activities of NO levels in RBCs of rats and it has been suggested that NO may play an important role in the pathogenesis of INH-induced oxidative stress in RBCs (Ghosh et al. 2017). Furthermore, it has previously been demonstrated that NO is generated during INH activation by M. tuberculosis catalase per oxidase KatG (Laborde et al. 2016). Isoniazid is used as anti-tuberculosis agent in pregnancy. It passes through the placenta and is assigned to pregnancy category C (no adequate studies in humans) (Rohilla et al. 2016). With regard to maternal/foetal safety, it does not seem that INH in such small amounts and with this short duration of exposure, can be harmful and, as the results of previous study (Haghighi and Mohabatian 2015) showed, there were no differences between the two groups in terms of 1and 5 min Apgar score, non-reassuring foetal heart rate and need for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Our study consists of some strengths. INH is a safe medication for outpatient cervical ripening.