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Herbs in Cancer Therapy
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Annum Malik, Shahzadi Sidra Saleem, Kifayat Ullah Shah, Learn-Han Lee, Bey Hing Goh, Tahir Mehmood Khan
Xanthorrhizol is the main antineoplastic agent that is a sesquiterpeoid in nature. It is isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. Several in vivo studies have been performed on the clinical usefullness of Xanthorrhizol, which have shown that the terpenoid prevents the onset and progression of tumors. Enzymes such as ornithine decarboxylase and cyclooxgenase-2 (COX-2) are inhibited by terpenoids resulting in reduced nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) signaling in an in vivo lung metastasis of a mouse (Cheah et al. 2008).
Role of Natural Agents in the Management of Diabetes
Published in Rohit Dutt, Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Vandana Garg, Promising Drug Molecules of Natural Origin, 2020
Monika Elżbieta Jach, Anna Serefko
A. paniculata can decrease the blood glucose level by augmenting glucose oxidation and utilization, restoration of insulin signaling molecules in liver, and lowering the serum lipid levels in high fat and T2DM rats without a hypoglycemic effect (Augustine et al. 2014). Moreover, a mixture of an n-hexane insoluble fraction of A. paniculata and a curcuminoid fraction of Curcuma xanthorrhiza rhizome exerted a considerable antihyperglycemic effect in high-fructose-fat-fed rats (Nugroho et al., 2014). Another bioactive compound from A. peniculata, namely 14-deoxy-11, 12-didehydroandrographolide, also showed anti-hyperglycemic activity (Lee et al., 2010).
Curcumin and Neglected Infectious Diseases
Published in Venkatesan Jayaprakash, Daniele Castagnolo, Yusuf Özkay, Medicinal Chemistry of Neglected and Tropical Diseases, 2019
Francesca Mazzacuva, Agostino Cilibrizzi
Other species also well-known for their high content of curcuminoids are Curcuma xanthorrhiza L. (popularly utilized as a remedy against indigestion or rheumatism) (Ruslay et al. 2007), Curcuma aromatic L. (in use for the preparation of cosmetics in South Asia), Curcuma zedoaria L. (used in Chinese Traditional Medicine for the treatment of inflammation, pain and skin wounds or ulcers) and Curcuma mangga L. (traditionally employed against gastro-intestinal disorders) (Basnet and Skalko-Basnet 2011).
Synergistic Impact of Xanthorrhizol and d-δ-Tocotrienol on the Proliferation of Murine B16 Melanoma Cells and Human DU145 Prostate Carcinoma Cells
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Darren Chan, Maureen L. Meister, Chappell R. Madhani, Manal Elfakhani, Sophie T. Yount, Xiangming Ji, Rafaela G. Feresin, Desiree Wanders, Huanbiao Mo
Xanthorrhizol (2-methyl-5-[(2R)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]phenol, C15H22O) (Figure 1A) is a sesquiterpene isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb (Zingiberaceae). Xanthorrhizol has been shown to possess anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, antihypertensive, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective activities (1). Its anticancer activities have been shown in breast (2, 3), cervical (4) and colon (5) cancers, but have not been investigated in melanoma or prostate cancers. Apoptosis, upregulation of the tumor suppressor protein p53, and anti-metastasis (2–8) have been proposed as some of the mechanisms of action for the anticancer property of xanthorrhizol. Few studies have investigated the effect of xanthorrhizol on cell cycle progression, one of the key events in cell proliferation and cancer development.
The influence of Javanese turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) on the pharmacokinetics of warfarin in rats with single and multiple-dose studies
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Taofik Rusdiana, Yanni D. Mardhiani, Norisca A. Putriana, Dolih Gozali, Daisuke Nagano, Takuya Araki, Koujirou Yamamoto
Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (CX), a member of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae), known as Javanese turmeric, is a common herb used in Jamu (Indonesian traditional medicine) prescription or other health supplements (Widyowati and Agil 2018). Main compounds of CX are curcuminoids and xanthorrhizol oil which have antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and antibacterial activities (Itokawa et al. 2008; Rukayadi and Hwang 2013; Ismail et al. 2017). Other findings reported that the major compounds were xanthorrhizol, champene, and α-curcumene (Widyowati and Agil 2018) which have potential effects to cause significant herb-drug interaction that are primarily metabolized by CYP3A4/A5, CYP2C9, and UGT enzymes (Volak et al. 2008; Salleh et al. 2016). Since warfarin is known as one of the drugs dominantly metabolized by CYP2C9 (for S-WF) and CYP3A4 (for R-WF), it could be hypothesized that CX extract influences or alters the pharmacokinetics of WF. The case of a coadministration between WF and CX is common in the patients with cardiovascular related disease because of self-medication or prescription. This means, many subjected to WF therapy are also good consumers of the extract for health maintenance. Therefore, this study aims to assess the influence of CX extract administration on the pharmacokinetic of WF in rats through single and multiple-dose.
Antimicrobial activity of Curcuma xanthorrhiza nanoemulsions on Streptococcus mutans biofilms
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Mu-Yeol Cho, Si-Mook Kang, Eun-Song Lee, Baek-Il Kim
Curcuma xanthorrhiza oil (Xan) is an extract from the natural turmeric plant which has traditionally been used as a medicinal or food ingredient in Southeast Asia. Xan has a strong antimicrobial effect against oral bacteria as well as an anti-biofilm effect. In a previous study, 0.1 mg ml−1 of Xan showed a similar antimicrobial activity to 2 mg ml−1 of CHX on Streptococcus mutans biofilms and cell viability was inhibited by 57.6% compared with 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the negative control (Kim et al. 2008). Xan, being an essential oil, is hydrophobic and therefore does not mix well with water. Hence, most studies have used DMSO as an organic solvent for solubilization (Kim et al. 2007; Lee et al. 2017). However, continuous exposure to DMSO causes apoptosis, which is particularly dangerous for young children (Hanslick et al. 2009). To ensure the safe usage of Xan for treatment of the oral cavity, a novel solubilization method is necessary.