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Green Metal-Based Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Medicinal Plants and Plant Phytochemicals against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Published in Richard L. K. Glover, Daniel Nyanganyura, Rofhiwa Bridget Mulaudzi, Maluta Steven Mufamadi, Green Synthesis in Nanomedicine and Human Health, 2021
Abeer Ahmed Qaed Ahmed, Lin Xiao, Tracey Jill Morton McKay, Guang Yang
Copper nanoparticles CuNPs have astonishing properties and their importance in pharmaceutical industry has attracted much scholarly interest. Thiruvengadam et al. (2019) green-synthesized CuNPs with the Millettia pinnata flower aqueous extract, and their characteristics were further studied. Reduction of copper acetate to CuNPs was conducted, and then evaluated by UV-vis spectrophotometer. The maximum absorption occurred at 384 nm which confirmed the surface plasmon resonance of the NPs. FTIR results of the GCuNPs confirmed the involvement of organic moieties of the M. pinnata flower extract in the green synthesis. The synthesized GCuNPs were highly durable, spherical in shape, with an average size of 23 ± 1.10 nm. The GCuNPs showed a strong anti-inflammatory effect by using membrane stabilization and albumin denaturation. The GCuNPs showed high inhibition on DPPH nitric oxide and radical scavenging effects. The antibacterial activity of GCuNPs was tested against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The antibacterial effect of GCuNPs and plant extract was analysed by the disc diffusion method. Results showed that the maximum inhibition was observed on gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. subtilis) compared to gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa). The bacterial cell membrane interacts with the GCuNPs decreasing the transmembrane electrochemical potential, which affects membrane integrity (Alzahrani, 2016; Thiruvengadam et al., 2019).
Ultraviolet and Light Absorption Spectrometry
Published in Adorjan Aszalos, Modern Analysis of Antibiotics, 2020
Zoltan M. Dinya, Ferenc J. Sztaricskai
Smith et al. [65] elaborated a process for the determination of ampicillin at 320 nm in the presence of CuSCO4·5H2O, and later this procedure became the fundamental principle of the official method given by the British Pharmacopoeia 1973. Angelucci and Baldieri [66] used this process for the determination of ampicillin in body fluids and for the analysis of methycillin [67], pivampicillin [68,69], carbenicillin-sodium [70], cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, propicillin, and hetacillin [71], flucloxacillin, cloxacillin, and dicloxacillin [72]. Penicillin G was measured by Yusim et al. [73] in fermentation broths by means of this method. Benzylpenicillin and 6-APA were simultaneously determined by Saccani and Pitrolo [74,75] in fermentation broth by means of degradation catalyzed by copper ions, and penicillins were also identified in various pharmaceutical preparations (Fig. 2). Saha [76] measured the penicillin G content of injections and tablets through its green complex, formed with copper acetate at 750 nm.
Methods of Phyto-Constituent Detection
Published in Ravindra Kumar Pandey, Shiv Shankar Shukla, Amber Vyas, Vishal Jain, Parag Jain, Shailendra Saraf, Fingerprinting Analysis and Quality Control Methods of Herbal Medicines, 2018
Ravindra Kumar Pandey, Shiv Shankar Shukla, Amber Vyas, Vishal Jain, Parag Jain, Shailendra Saraf
Copper acetate test: Mix the test drug with a solution of copper acetate to give it a green color.
Effect of different molecular weight and terminal group PLGA on docetaxel nanoparticles: characterization and cytotoxic activity of castration-resistant prostate cancer cells
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2022
Basak Simitcioglu, Isik Didem Karagoz, Sibel Ilbasmis-Tamer, Ugur Tamer
However, no study was found in which all groups were loaded with docetaxel and its effectiveness was evaluated on prostate cancer. Moreover, no study evaluating the combined cytotoxic activity of these four groups could be found in the literature. In this study, RG 502, 502H, 504, and 504H resomers were evaluated together on PC-3 and HUVEC cells. While all nanoparticles showed cytotoxic effects on PC-3 cells, RG 504 and RG 504H NPs were found to be more cytotoxic to cancer cells than healthy cells, especially at 72 and 96 h. We speculate that this may be due to the smaller particle size of RG 504 and 504H compared to other groups, so cellular uptake may be more successful in this group, and may also be due to the higher encapsulation efficiency of RG 504H NPs. As given in Table 2, Maor et al. (2021), by coating copper acetate with 502H and 504H, the activity of these nanoparticles on Cal-33 head and neck squamous carcinoma cells was observed and it was concluded that the 504H group had more cytotoxic activity. We think that this study supports our result (Figure 4). Previous studies have found similar results and reported that PLGA copolymers with higher Mw show a lower loading capacity of doxycycline and atorvastatin, which is attributed to the interaction between drug and polymer (Mylonaki et al. 2018; Wang et al. 2020). Kamali et al. (2021) evaluated the cytotoxic activity on L929 healthy mouse fibroblasts with 504 H NPs, observing that the viability remained at 90%. In this respect, this study by Kamali and his team supports our selectivity results.
Impediment to growth and yeast-to-hyphae transition in Candida albicans by copper oxide nanoparticles
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Alwar Ramanujam Padmavathi, Sriyutha Murthy P., Arindam Das, Arumugam Priya, T. J. Sushmitha, Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian, Subba Rao Toleti
Cupric (Cu++) oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NP) were synthesized by the wet chemical precipitation route. Various methods have been used to synthesize CuO nanoparticles with varying morphologies and dimensions. The wet chemical precipitation route was followed in this study due to its simple procedure, reproducibility and effectiveness in preparing a large quantity of CuO nanoparticles with controlled shape (Ethiraj and Kang 2012; Zhang et al. 2014). Different compounds such as copper nitrate, copper chloride, copper acetate and copper sulphate have been reported to be precursors for CuO synthesis. In the present study CuO-NP was synthesized from copper acetate as derived below (Equations 1–3):
Copper oxide nanoparticles for the removal of divalent nickel ions from aqueous solution
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Monika Jain, Mithilesh Yadav, Smita Chaudhry
0.2 M copper acetate [Cu(CH3COO)2] (MERCK) was dissolved in 100 ml distilled water and stirred continuously on a magnetic stirrer at 85 °C until blue color was obtained. 5.0 M NaOH was added dropwise till pH 12 was achieved. Stirring was continued for another 6 h at 85 °C till black colored copper oxide nanoparticles were formed. The fabricated copper oxide nanoparticles were cooled at room temperature and washed continuously with distilled water till pH 7.0 was achieved in a centrifuge (REMI R-24, India) at 15000 rpm for 15 min. At last, these nanoparticles were washed with absolute ethanol to remove impurities from their surface, dried in hot air oven at 80 °C for 24 h and kept in glass containers for future use.