China
Africa
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The Future of Nursing in a Digital Age:
Published in Connie White Delaney, Charlotte A. Weaver, Joyce Sensmeier, Lisiane Pruinelli, Patrick Weber, Nursing and Informatics for the 21st Century – Embracing a Digital World, 3rd Edition, Book 4, 2022
Victoria L. Tiase, Marcus D. Henderson
Increasingly, new digital tools also mean that new data sources will be used as a routine part of care processes. One data source of growing importance is SDOH data used to screen and identify social needs (NASEM, 2021). With the integration of SDOH data into clinical workflows, nurses will actively address social needs in longitudinal care planning and expand teaming across settings into communities—both rural and urban. One successful example is the Camden Coalition core model which uses healthcare hotspotting through the Camden Coalition Health Information Exchange (Camden Coalition of Healthcare Providers, 2021). With the strategic use of data from multiple hospitals, emergency rooms and correctional facilities, the Coalition is able to reallocate resources to a small subset of high‑needs, high-cost patients. In addition, patients are strategically connected to community-based providers, such as community health workers and school nurses. As opportunities for data collection and exchange expand, nurses will be able to plan and respond to future public health issues in the community.
Community health in the global and Asia-Pacific context
Published in Ben Y.F. Fong, Martin C.S. Wong, The Routledge Handbook of Public Health and the Community, 2021
Hilary Hiu Lam Yee, Mark S.H. Chan
Humans do not live in a biological vacuum but coexist in an interdependence of biodiversity. Health is defined in the perspective of community health as ‘a structural, functional and emotional state that is compatible with effective life as an individual and as a member of society’, and ‘a dynamic state or condition of human organism that is multidimensional (i.e. physical, emotional, social, intellectual, spiritual and occupational) in nature, a resource for living, and results from a person’s interactions with and adaptations to his or her environment’ (McCartney et al., 2019; McKenzie et al., 2011). In literal meaning, a ‘community’ simply refers to a group of different people that live within specific geographical boundaries, sharing particular characteristics in common such as norms, values, customs and identity. While the word ‘health’ gives an impression of a state of being free from physical and mental illnesses, people in general, apart from seeing ‘community health’ with a philosophical view, would combine it with how health is being achieved in the community.
The management of common mental health concerns in primary care
Published in Julie M Schirmer MSW, Alain J Montegut MD, Stephen J Spann MD, Gabriel Ivbijaro MD, Alfred Loh MD, Behavioral Medicine in Primary Care, 2017
Jeffrey Stovall, William Ventres, Thich Linh, Le Than Toan
This chapter identifies the basic knowledge and skills that healthcare practitioners must have in order to adequately address common mental health concerns that are seen in primary care. We provide a general overview of mental illness, discuss the rationale for incorporating mental healthcare into primary care, and list strategies for the identification and treatment of common mental health issues by the multiple health practitioners involved in primary care. In many countries, not only physicians, but also nurses, nurse practitioners, and assistant doctors are the primary health practitioners for people with mental health problems. Community health workers and volunteers are also likely to be involved in their care. Every member of the healthcare team has a role to play in addressing mental health problems, based on their knowledge and skills, the time available, and the place of patient contact.
From education to empowerment: Redesigning the role of students in college health promotion
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2023
Pérez and Martinez argue the traditional Community Health Worker role relies too heavily on facilitating healthcare access.21 While healthcare is important, they contend, “our nation will equally benefit from a cost-efficient health care system as much as it would from working to change the root causes of illness.” In their view, Community Health Workers can play an integral role in developing health policy. Their expertise and lived experience ensure policies address the root causes of health disparities and are reflective of the realities faced daily in their communities. Similarly, Michael et al. critique traditional conceptions of the Community Health Worker role for pathologizing individuals and communities and placing the burden on them to solve the issues.22 These researchers argue we must build the capacity of our communities to address the social determinants of health. Their Community Health Worker training program expanded beyond health education to include research design and evaluation, as well as organizing, advocacy, and leadership skills. Other Community Health Worker programs have taken a similar approach, equipping community leaders with research skills and emphasizing their role in creating social change.23
An integrative literature review of barriers and facilitators to cervical cancer screening among refugee women in the United States
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2021
Heidi Luft, Mireille Perzan, Rita Mitchell, Austin Schmidt
To increase CCS uptake, the NBCCEDP promotes use of evidence-based interventions (Miller et al., 2014) that involve public education and outreach (Levano et al., 2014; Miller et al., 2014), patient navigation (Miller et al., 2014), and partnerships with local, state, and national organizations that serve the target population (Espey et al., 2014; N. C. Lee et al., 2014; Miller et al., 2014; Sanders et al., 2014). A number of interventions to increase CCS uptake have been developed and tailored for refugees. Some of these interventions include education interventions taught by lay community health workers in community-based settings (Watanabe-Galloway et al., 2018) or educational videos (Ornelas et al., 2018). Another is a peer educator program that involves on-site educational sessions at agencies that serve refugees with the opportunity to have same day Pap test or book a future Pap test, while being accompanied by a peer educator for support (Dunn et al., 2017). There has also been a “Kin Keeper Model” proposed as a method to promote CCS among women who are refugees that focuses on strong ties between female family members and community health workers (Abboud et al., 2017). However, while these interventions have been developed, they have not undergone rigorous testing, and many do not involve all the components suggested by the NBCCEDP. Application of findings discussed in this review to these existing interventions, along with rigorous testing, are important next steps in research and practice toward increasing CCS uptake among women who are refugees.
Mhealth hearing screening for children by non-specialist health workers in communities
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2021
Nausheen Dawood, Faheema Mahomed Asmail, Christine Louw, De Wet Swanepoel
Stratified sampling was utilised to differentiate the tester participants. The testers consisted of 21 SHNs and 71 CHWs. The SHN’s were formally trained health workers who have obtained a tertiary qualification in school health nursing and have experience in conventional hearing screening using a manual audiometer. The SHNs conducted the hearing screening tests at schools in the local community where they provide other health screening services such as vision, dental and nutrition screening as well as the provision of vaccinations. The CHWs are healthcare workers from the community that have no formal education and have been informally trained to assist with government health programmes. The CHWs conducted the hearing screenings at Early Childhood Development (ECD) centres, clinics, home visits and health campaigns. This was part of their participation in community health programmes and the data were used towards this study.