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Challenges of Global Healthcare Disasters
Published in Adarsh Garg, D. P. Goyal, Global Healthcare Disasters, 2023
Deepika Sherawat, Sonia, Priyanka Shukla
An epidemic is a disease that affects a large number of people within a community, population, or region, and a pandemic is an epidemic that is spread over multiple countries and continents. Pandemics and large-scale epidemics that can claim loss of lives of masses, disrupt civilizations, and shatter economies. WHO’s Health Emergencies Programme (WHE) is working with member states to help countries to prepare for large-scale outbreaks and pandemics. Countries are also encouraged to involve the whole of society for effective pandemic preparedness and response. The pandemics are new and highly infectious airborne viruses that have an impact on the population that lack immunity. Some of the most infectious viruses that have infected masses are influenza. Some of the diseases are spread by blood-feeding anthropoids like mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks. Such diseases are called vector-borne diseases. The vector-borne diseases are Nile virus, dengue fever, malaria, Zika, and chikungunya to name a few. Most of these diseases are fanned by climate change.
Detection Assays and Techniques Against COVID-19
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Shahzad Sharif, Maham Saeed, Javed Hussain Shah, Sajjad Hussain, Ahmad Adnan, Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz
The importance of clinical laboratories during this pandemic surpasses early diagnosis and epidemiological monitoring. Regular hematological, biochemical, and immune-chemical laboratory testing is necessary to analyze the severity of the disease, selection of proper therapeutic choices and following treatment response. As the numbers of ascertained COVID-19 patients are continuously increasing worldwide, laboratory malfunctions linked with the increased severity of disease are increasingly transparent.
Hydro-Alcoholic Gels and Glove Use
Published in Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach, Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the role of adequate hygiene and hand sanitizers in controlling the spread of infection in public places and healthcare institutions. Hands can be infected either by direct contact with airborne contaminated drops or by indirect contact with an inanimate surface (see Figure 27.1). The use of an efficient antiseptic was considered mandatory, and the choice turned to hydro-alcoholic gels, which are now the gold standard all over the world.4 There has been a great surge in demand for these hand sanitization products leading to shortages in their supply. A consequent increase of substandard products in the market has raised safety concerns, but the problem is now partially solved. Hand sanitization will remain at the forefront of infection prevention measures. Moreover, it is reasonable to speculate that the current awareness of the general public of the importance of hand disinfection will remain assimilated and will become an integral part of people's hygiene practices, even post-COVID-19 era.
Identifying the cycles in COVID-19 infection: the case of Turkey
Published in Journal of Applied Statistics, 2023
Yılmaz Akdi, Yunus Emre Karamanoğlu, Kamil Demirberk Ünlü, Cem Baş
Pandemic is a noun used for a disease that spreads over a whole country or the whole world (Oxford Dictionary, 2020). The most undesirable thing in epidemics is uncertainty, in some cases even worse than the disease. Many unknowns make the disease even more mysterious, such as who the disease will target, whether it will be treated, when it will end, how and why it begins. Human beings have experienced many diseases and severe outbreaks throughout history. These losses have been defeated in some way, however, much losses are lost. One of the important issues in outbreaks was the scale and spread of outbreaks. As the world gained a more integrated structure and transportation became easier, such outbreaks gained momentum and increased interaction. The spread of many diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis and influenza started from this stage [9].
Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: a systematic review and detailed comprehension
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2023
Zeina Hassan Ousseiran, Youssef Fares, Wafaa Takash Chamoun
COVID-19 transmission can occur by either direct mode from covid-19 positive human to human transmission through respiratory droplets or indirect mode from contaminated surfaces and objects and airborne contagions to humans [5]. Disease presentation ranges from asymptomatic (in rare cases) to severe pneumonia and death [6]. The symptoms of this pandemic disease range from mild to moderate in most cases, and sometimes severe with high death risk especially in elderly people and those suffering from chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and others. The most common symptoms identified include lower respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, dry cough, fever, shortness of breath and myalgia; other symptoms may occur but less frequently reported including confusion, sore throat, hemoptysis, runny nose, chills, chest pain, rhinorrhea, and diarrhea with nausea and vomiting [4].
Behavioral changes observed in substance users in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2023
Melike Simsek, Saliha Yucebas, Kultegin Ogel
A pandemic is a concept that explains infectious epidemics causing diseases and deaths that spread across the continents and geography. The World Health Organization (WHO) determines whether an epidemic is a pandemic and its course accordingly. COVID-19 was declared as a pandemic by the WHO in March 2020 due to the worldwide spread of the virus. A pandemic brings many challenges to human life that are difficult to deal with. Mental problems are at the top of these difficulties (Dubey et al., 2020). In particular, anxiety disorder, sleep problems, and dissociation are the most common mental problems that occur during a pandemic (Banerjee, 2020). Some special groups are thought to be at higher risk than others during a pandemic. Such groups can be listed as elderly individuals, those with immune system diseases, those with psychiatric problems, and alcohol/substance users (Pfefferbaum & North, 2020).