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Impact of Dietary and Exercise Interventions on Brain Insulin Action and Brain Function
Published in André Kleinridders, Physiological Consequences of Brain Insulin Action, 2023
Lifestyle changes include the cessation of specific toxins leading to insulin resistance or beta-cell apoptosis (excess alcohol intake, smoking), reduction of energy intake for patients with overweight, an improvement of diet quality and an increase in physical activity. Smoking cessation often leads to massive weight gain and in the end might even increase the risk for diabetes onset (106, 107). All other approaches have been shown to provide more or less dramatic benefits to glycemic state and other aspects of the metabolic syndrome.
Risk factors – Treatable traits
Published in Vibeke Backer, Peter G. Gibson, Ian D. Pavord, The Asthmas, 2023
Vibeke Backer, Peter G. Gibson, Ian D. Pavord
Interventions that combine behavioural support with pharmacotherapy lead to increased rates of smoking cessation success. Behavioural support involving repeated counselling for 4 or 5 times is most effective. Pharmacotherapy options are detailed in Table 4.4.
Lifestyle and Environment
Published in Wilmer W Nichols, Michael F O'Rourke, Elazer R Edelman, Charalambos Vlachopoulos, McDonald's Blood Flow in Arteries, 2022
Effect of smoking cessation on arterial stiffness and wave reflections is an important issue. Duration of smoking cessation in former smokers has a significant linear relationship with improvement in arterial stiffness parameters. Values of aortic PWV, AIx and transit time equal those of nonsmokers after a decade of smoking cessation (Jatoi et al., 2007). In intervention studies, cessation of smoking for 4 weeks resulted in a decrease in AIx (Rehill et al., 2006), while six months of smoking cessation was associated with clear improvement of AIx corrected for heart rate, aortic pressure and aortic PWV and with a reduction of daytime blood pressure (Polonia et al., 2009). While wave reflections may be rapidly reduced after smoking cessation, PWV may take longer to normalize. In a study that used nicotine replacement therapy, an early (56 day) improvement of AIx but not of PWV was observed (Roux et al., 2010). The timing of smoking cessation is also important. Smoking in youth, even at low levels, is associated with increased arterial stiffness, but stopping during adolescence could restore arterial health (Charakida et al., 2019).
Tobacco cessation experiences and needs: perspectives from Arabic-speaking communities
Published in Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 2022
Alison Jaworski, Belinda Green, Kate Kennett, Abeny Mayol, Rachel Rowe
It likely that due to the partnership with the migrant support centers for recruitment, many participants were new arrivals within their first five-tenyears of resettlement in Australia, as supporting these communities forms a key component of the work of these organizations. Stricter policy and legislative environments that control tobacco supply, limit consumption opportunities and de-normalize smoking have been linked to decreased tobacco use among new migrants from low- and middle-income countries with comparatively higher sub- population usage (Li & Collins, 2017). Yet in this study, whilst the impact of smoke free laws and age restrictions were acknowledged by a few participants, the financial cost of tobacco use was more frequently raised as a motivator for changing smoking habits. People who have recently settled in Australia are often under significant financial constraint, with low employment rates among humanitarian entrants in particular (for instance due to attendance in English or other educational programs), or employment in low skilled occupations (Smart et al., 2017). Experiences of financial stress, although this may encourage willingness to quit, does not necessarily translate into attempting or sustaining smoking cessation, and additional support and resources may be required for this population, such as counseling (Siahpush et al., 2009).
Comparison of withdrawal symptom intensity between hypnosis and nicotine-replacement-therapies: A pilot study
Published in American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 2022
Guillaume Lourmière, Aurélie Lacroix, Murielle Girard, Philippe Nubukpo
The major symptoms during the first 20 days after smoking cessation are craving, anxiety, and irritability, with craving being the main factor involved in the difficulties encountered during withdrawal (Leventhal, Ameringer, Osborn, Zvolensky, & Langdon, 2013). Craving and depression are significantly linked to relapse, as are the physical troubles linked to the absence of nicotine, and are all involved in the difficulty of maintaining abstinence in the short term. In addition, certain psychiatric co-morbid conditions, such as depression or anxiety, may act as a barrier to tobacco cessation and smoking itself is also a risk factor for depression (Bakhshaie, Zvolensky, & Goodwin, 2015; Lawrence, Mitrou, & Zubrick, 2009; Morrell, Cohen, & al’Absi, 2008). Targeting anxiety or depression to reduce withdrawal symptoms and consolidate abstinence has been recommended (Bakhshaie et al., 2018).
Management of adolescents with hidradenitis suppurativa
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Erin Collier, Vivian Y. Shi, Jennifer L. Hsiao
Experimentation with smoking can occur during adolescence. According to 2018 National Youth Tobacco Survey data, e-cigarette use or ‘vaping’ among middle and high school students increased dramatically, with over 3.6 million USA adolescents using e-cigarettes (10). Smoking is associated with a greater risk of developing HS and increased disease severity (11). Thus, smoking cessation is an important disease modifying lifestyle change that must be recommended. Evidence suggests that adolescent smokers are motivated to quit, though the prevalence of relapse is high among this group (12). Adolescent smokers who attempted cessation at an earlier age were more likely to be successful (13). Online resources for teen-specific smoking cessation programs can be provided (such as teen.smokefree.gov), which address the dangers of social smoking and vaping and offer links to various phone applications and hotlines to assist with quitting.