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Endocrinology and metabolism
Published in Kaji Sritharan, Jonathan Rohrer, Alexandra C Rankin, Sachi Sivananthan, Essential Notes for Medical and Surgical Finals, 2021
Kaji Sritharan, Jonathan Rohrer, Alexandra C Rankin, Sachi Sivananthan
Type 2: stepped management: Lifestyle change – healthy diet, exercise, weight loss.Monotherapy – if overweight, metformin; if not, sulphonylurea, e.g. gliclazide.Consider a glitazone (e.g. pioglitazone).Combination therapy – consider any combination of the above three types of drugs.Insulin if inadequate glycaemic control on combination therapy.GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1) analogues and DPP-IV (dipeptidyl peptidase-IV) inhibitors are now licensed.
Topical Contact Immunotherapy in Alopecia Areata
Published in Rubina Alves, Ramon Grimalt, Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Hair Diseases, 2021
Andrea Combalia, Juan Ferrando
Moreover, anthralin can be used in combination with DPCP to treat DPCP non-responder AA patients with great outcome. However, combination therapy might have more side effects [14, 15].
Gold Nanoparticles as Promising Agents for Cancer Therapy
Published in Hala Gali-Muhtasib, Racha Chouaib, Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Treatment, 2020
Nadine Karaki, Hassan Hajj Ali, Assem El Kak
Combination therapy is a treatment modality that combines two or more therapeutic approaches to enhance cancer treatment efficacy in comparison to the mono-therapy approach [109]. Studies have shown how GNP-induced hyperthermia associated with more common treatments can yield positive treatment results [110]. A hyperthermia makes cancer cells more susceptible to radiation and chemotherapy. GNPs-mediated hyperthermia coupled with radiation therapy resulted in not only a greater reduction of tumor volume but also a reduction of the proportion of stem cells in the residual tumor [111].
Production of a biosimilar version of aflibercept to improve VEGF blocker cytotoxicity on endothelial cells
Published in Growth Factors, 2023
Amin Ramezani, Mohammadrasul Zareinejad, Elham Mahmoudi Maymand, Elina Kaviani, Abbas Ghaderi
Although early diagnosis and treatment of cancer have made significant progress, resistance to recent drugs continues to pose a considerable challenge to effective treatment (Núñez et al. 2016). As tumors are physiologically complex, single drugs or stand-alone strategies may not be sufficient to treat them. Combination therapy is recognized as an effective treatment for human diseases in order to overcome this challenge (Núñez et al. 2016). In addition to AFL, medications including Everolimus (EVR), Lenvatinib (LEN), and Sorafenib (SOR) are also utilized to decrease VEGF signaling (Motzer et al. 2022; Fogli et al. 2021; Du et al. 2018; Ben Mousa 2008). LEN and SOR are two receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with activity against VEGFR-1–3 that have been shown to inhibit tumor growth, angiogenesis, and modulate immune function in a variety of cancer types (Motzer et al. 2022; Nakano et al. 2015). EVR is an mTOR inhibitor that is a mediator in VEGF synthesis and blocks VEGF/NRP1 axis. This axis is known to promote angiogenesis and tumorigenesis in endothelial and tumor cells, respectively (Pal et al. 2019).
In vitro cytogenetic activity of 3-amino-4-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2,5-thiadiazole 1,1-dioxide
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2021
Zülal Atlı Şekeroğlu, Aliye Gediz Ertürk, Seval Kontaş Yedier, Vedat Şekeroğlu
In recent years, tumor-targeted combination therapies, including the use of two or more therapeutic combinations, have become increasingly important (Mokhtari et al.2017, Cao et al.2018). Although single therapy is still a very common treatment for cancer, it is generally considered less effective than the combination therapy (Mokhtari et al.2017). It has been stated that combination therapy is more effective than single therapy due to the simultaneous actions of several drugs. They can show synergistic anti-cancer effects, reduce drug-related toxicity and inhibit drug resistance through different mechanisms (Cao et al.2018). Therefore, we also investigated the possible effects of the combination of DPTD and some mutagenic clastogens such as mitomycin-C (MMC) and cyclophosphamide (CP) to exhibit how it acts when used with chemotherapeutic agents and its possible potential for combination therapy.
The role of immunotherapy in fusion-driven lung cancer
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2021
Aaron C. Tan, Johan Chan, Mustafa Khasraw
Given the increasing evidence for TKI therapy in the first-line setting for oncogene-driven NSCLC, decisions for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy are likely to be on resistance [10]. Commonly in clinical practice, combination therapy with chemotherapy may be considered. This emphasizes the importance of understanding the additive or synergistic effects of combination therapy, as has been demonstrated with the IMpower150 combination regimen. Furthermore, numerous studies of TKI in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors are ongoing [36]. Tumor evolution after resistance to therapy is also crucial to appreciate, and there is evidence to suggest biomarkers such as PD-L1 may change over time [37]. Additionally, risk of toxicity depending on the combination or sequencing of therapy must be considered. Higher rates of hepatic toxicity for example, have been reported with sequential ALK TKI after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy [38] and the combination of nivolumab and crizotinib [39].