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Plant-Based Adjunct Therapy for Tuberculosis
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Lydia Gibango, Anna-Mari Reid, Jonathan L. Seaman, Namrita Lall
Drug–drug interactions occur when the effect of one drug is affected by the presence of a concomitant drug (Magro et al., 2012). These drug interactions may cause adverse drug reactions which, for the most part, are predictable and can be avoided. However, prevention is very complex in practice due to the high number of drugs that could potentially interact with one another (Létinier et al., 2019).
Food Interactions, Sirtuins, Genes, Homeostasis, and General Discussion
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
In the case of food-drug interaction, the intake of a certain food at the same time with a drug can decrease the therapeutic effect of the drug or can increase its toxic effect in the body due to the interference of the food nutrient in the metabolism of this drug.
Drug Design, Synthesis, and Development
Published in Nathan Keighley, Miraculous Medicines and the Chemistry of Drug Design, 2020
Drug-drug interactions, where one drug affects the activity of another, can arise when certain medicines are taken together. A common scenario is when a person takes antibiotics while on other medication. Many antibiotics inhibit cytochrome p450 and this can have consequences for any other drugs being taken. As a result, new drugs are tested to examine whether cytochrome p450 is inhibited or activated because of these challenges.
Therapeutic drug monitoring-guided dosing for pediatric cystic fibrosis patients: recent advances and future outlooks
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2023
Siân Bentley, Jamie Cheong, Nikesh Gudka, Sukeshi Makhecha, Simone Hadjisymeou-Andreou, Joseph F Standing
New therapies known as “CFTR modulators” have revolutionized the treatment landscape for people with CF. CFTR modulators target specific CFTR gene mutations, restoring CFTR protein function and addressing the underlying cause of CF. Patients eligible for these have seen significant improvements in lung function, reduced pulmonary exacerbations and sputum production, enhanced nutritional status, and improved quality of life [8]. However, it is important to acknowledge that these therapies are not without challenges [8]. With the improved symptomatology seen in patients receiving modulator therapy, there is a risk of decreased adherence with other aspects of CF treatment. Additionally, reduced sputum production can pose challenges in monitoring airway pathogens. Some patients have reported drug interactions and side effects, raising concerns over their tolerability [9]. So further research and ongoing monitoring are necessary to optimize the benefits and address the limitations associated with CFTR modulators.
Suboptimal adherence to food restrictions requirements related to drug regimens for chronic diseases
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2023
Robert L. Boggs, Samuel Engel, Tongtong Wang, Tracey Jean Weiss, Ashley A. Martin, Austin Yue, Nate Way, Bryan Ricker, Swapnil N. Rajpathak, Dominik Lautsch
Much of the literature examining adherence has operationalized adherence as achieving an 80% prescription fill rate8. For example, prior claims-based research among US respondents has reported 48% adherence (defined as >80% drug possession rate over a 12-month period) to levothyroxine among those with hypothyroidism9 and 53% adherence to sulfonylureas among those with type 2 diabetes10. While this methodology can establish whether patients have medication “on-hand” during an observational period, it does not inform on whether patients complied with all associated label instructions when self-administering those medications. Likewise, while patient-reported measures of adherence like the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale11 have been successful in capturing the overall rates and reasons for non-adherence, these scales do not provide insight as to which specific aspects of the medication are most challenging for users to follow. Indeed, food-drug interactions are one of the most challenging aspects of oral drug administration, as consuming food concurrent with one’s medication can critically impact the rate by which the drug is released and absorbed, and ultimately thereby affect its safety and efficacy profile12. However, we are aware of no study that has specifically evaluated adherence to individual label instructions – such as adherence to food restrictions – despite their important pharmacokinetic effects, and contribution to overall oral medication adherence13,14.
Utilizing clinical pharmacology in the drug repurposing arena: a look into COVID-19
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2022
Rosanna Ruggiero, Nunzia Balzano, Raffaella Di Napoli, Maria Giuseppa Sullo, Francesco Rossi, Annalisa Capuano, Concetta Rafaniello
Adverse drug events, including also therapeutic failure, are sometimes explained through genetic polymorphisms. Indeed, pharmacogenetics represents another ‘arm’ of the clinical pharmacology. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, pharmacogenetic studies have been carried out for personalized therapy. Especially during the pandemic era, pharmacogenetic studies represent a useful tool since they can provide data to guide clinicians in dosage adjustment as well as in the identification of the optimal therapeutic regimen for each patient. In this emergent activity, the key role of the clinical pharmacologist has come up tangibly, especially in the process of translational data interpretation. Indeed, pharmacogenetic data could provide safer treatments and a better clinical course of the disease, which lead to shorter hospitalization and a better allocation of saved health economic resources. The pharmacogenetic is useful for drugs used for COVID-19 that are metabolized by cytochrome P450 and are substrates of drug transporters. Taking into consideration the repositioned drugs for COVID-19, it has been demonstrated that, for example, remdesivir is metabolized by CYP-3A4, −2C8, −2D6, and it is also the substrate of glycoprotein-P (P-gp) and OATPB1. As the same, dexamethasone is the substrate of both CYP3A4 and P-gp [26]. This evidence is particularly important for patients treated with several drugs to avoid or at least prevent drug-drug interactions. In light of this, the availability of pharmacogenetic data represents another example of clinical pharmacology activity aimed to guide patient-centered therapy.