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Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Published in S Paige Hertweck, Maggie L Dwiggins, Clinical Protocols in Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 2022
Olivia Winfrey, Wendy L. Jackson
Children >45 kg and >8 years of age can be treated as adultsCeftriaxone 500 mg IM as a single dose if weight <150 kgCeftriaxone 1 g IM as a single dose if weight ≥150 kg
Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Critical Care Unit
Published in Cheston B. Cunha, Burke A. Cunha, Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Critical Care Medicine, 2020
Optimal empiric therapy is based on covering the usual pathogens associated with CAP, based on correlating chest X-ray (CXR) and clinical findings. Selection of empiric antimicrobial therapy of severe CAP is done in the same way as for non-severe CAP. However, severe CAP patients may have a longer length of stay (LOS), stormy clinical course, and longer courses of antibiotic therapy. Therapy is continued as the diagnostic workup is in progress. If the causative pathogen is identified, there is no rationale for changing the antibiotics to one with a narrower spectrum. It is a popular antibiotic myth that de-escalation to a narrower spectrum has some advantages. Antibiotic resistance potential is related to specific antibiotics and not antibiotic class. Changing to a narrow-spectrum antibiotic is of no benefit, and, if chosen wisely, e.g., using a “low resistance potential,” antibiotic has no effect on antibiotic resistance. With Streptococcus pneumoniae, there is no rationale to change from ceftriaxone to penicillin because of a narrower spectrum. Therapy of severe CAP is usually for 2‒3 weeks in total [10–12]. Ceftriaxone is as effective as penicillin and may be given less frequently. Importantly, there is no increased resistance with S. pneumoniae, even with prolonged use.
Formulary
Published in Sarah Bekaert, Alison White, Integrated Contraceptive and Sexual Healthcare, 2018
Sarah Bekaert, Alison White, Kathy French, Kevin Miles
Ceftriaxone has not been associated with adverse events on foetal development in laboratory animals but its safety in human pregnancy has not been established; therefore it should not be used in pregnancy unless absolutely indicated.
New insights into the treatment of acute otitis media
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2023
Rana E. El Feghaly, Amanda Nedved, Sophie E. Katz, Holly M. Frost
For patients with amoxicillin treatment failure (no improvement or worsening after 2–14 days of antibiotics), recurrence (new infection within 15–30 days of infection), or a history of recurrent infections that have not been previously responsive to amoxicillin, we recommend amoxicillin-clavulanate to provide additional coverage for organisms that produce beta-lactamase. Amoxicillin-clavulanate achieves higher concentrations in the middle ear and provides better coverage against common otopathogens than oral cephalosporins, macrolides, or clindamycin [2,86–88]. For children who have failed treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanate or received initial treatment with a non-penicillin antibiotic, we recommend intramuscular ceftriaxone. Ceftriaxone can be given as a single dose and repeated every 24–48 h for a maximum of three total doses if the child fails to improve.
Impact of preoperative antibiotic use in preventing complications of cochlear implantation surgery
Published in Cochlear Implants International, 2022
A. Košec, J. Živko, S. Marković, V. Bedeković, M. Ries, J. Ajduk
There is no current consensus on the choice of preoperative antibiotic treatment. Antibiotic administration is dependent on institutional policies, assumed pathogens and personal preferences. Typical prophylactic antibiotics include cephazolin, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, clarithromycin, co-amoxiclav and clindamycin/vancomycin in cases of penicillin hypersensitivity. Our study included ceftriaxone as a prophylactic regimen in all patients. There are numerous different guidelines on the time of the antibiotic administration. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) suggests the administration of antibiotic prophylaxis 0–60 min prior to incision in order to achieve optimal tissue concentration. Hirsch et al and Almosnino et al reported administration 30 min before the skin incision while Yalamanchi reported the average time of administration 17.5 min before surgery (Almosnino et al., 2018; Hirsch et al., 2007; Yalamanchi et al., 2020). In our study, both paediatric and adult patients received ceftriaxone intravenously 60 min prior to the skin incision.
Whipple’s disease orbitopathy: case report and review of literature
Published in Orbit, 2022
Filipa Sampaio, Jorge Moreira, Sofia Jordão, Bruna Vieira, Sara Pereira, Rui Carvalho
Regarding treatment, literature is not consensual. There are currently no controlled studies evaluating the ideal type or duration of antibiotic treatment, as well as the strategy for dealing with IRIS. Current recommendations include initial IV therapy with ceftriaxone (2 g per day) for two weeks, followed by co-trimoxazole (160/800 mg twice daily) for at least one year,24 but local sensitivity to antibiotics has to be considered when choosing the type of treatment. In some cases, only the institution of ceftriaxone in combination with corticosteroid treatment was effective in controlling the relapses. This demonstrates that there may be an overlap of WD relapse and IRIS that demands a close monitoring of these patients. Ceftriaxone, contrary to co-trimoxazole, is a bactericidal antibiotic and penetrates the blood-brain barrier, which can explain the optimal results when this therapeutical option is chosen.