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Nutritional and Dietary Supplementation during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
The anthraquinone cathartics belong to the stimulant class of laxatives. They are used as monotherapy or in combination with other laxatives. Congenital anomalies were not increased in frequency among offspring of mothers who utilized either casanthranol (21 patients) or cascara sagrada (53 patients) in early pregnancy (Heinonen et al., 1977).
Saussurea costus (Kust) and Senna alexandrina (Senna)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Amita Dubey, Soni Gupta, Mushfa Khatoon, Anil Kumar Gupta
One of the medicinally popular species of this genus, Senna alexandrina Mill., is used as a stimulant laxative (Figure 14.2). The main constituents in the leaves and fruit pods responsible for purgative activity are anthraquinones, which are found to be quite safe and effective in adults. Known as Alexandrian Senna (sourced from African countries) and Tinnevelly Senna (sourced from India), it is extensively used in habitual constipation and as a bowel preparation before medical procedures, such as colonoscopy (Radaelli and Minoli, 2002) and as relief from drug-induced constipation (Ulbricht et. al., 2011). It is a part of traditional systems of medicine as well as several modern pharmacopeias worldwide. Senna is approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a non-prescription drug too. The anthraquinones are structurally similar to anthracene and have basic structure of 9,10-dioxoanthracene. The glycosidic derivatives of these anthraquinones are used as laxatives. They are also known for the treatment of fungal skin diseases and slimming agents. Although valued for their cathartic and purifying activities, they may cause abdominal cramps, nausea, and diarrhea upon prolonged use or overdose.
Chronic Idiopathic Constipation
Published in Kevin W. Olden, Handbook of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2020
Stimulant Laxatives The chronic use of stimulant laxatives has been discouraged. Avoidance of these drugs may be more important in younger individuals, because of the potential for long-term side effects, than in the elderly. Certainly, the stimulant laxatives are the most commonly abused cathartics, and their chronic use may lead to abdominal cramps, fluid and electrolyte disturbances, malasorption, and cathartic colon (68). Unfortunately, these agents are readily available as over-the-counter medications, and the elderly are often unwilling to change patterns of use they have enagaged in for many years. With such individuals, it seems reasonable to achieve a compromise by limiting use of these cathartics to once or twice weekly. Such an approach should help to minimize adverse effects.
The ameliorating approach of nanorobotics in the novel drug delivery systems: a mechanistic review
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2021
Rakesh K. Sindhu, Harnoor Kaur, Manish Kumar, Moksha Sofat, Evren Algın Yapar, Imren Esenturk, Bilge Ahsen Kara, Pradeep Kumar, Zakieh Keshavarzi
In high tech applications, excretion of particles which are below 50 nm is expected to pass through glomerular walls via urine [43]. Although the outcome of inserted micro/nanorobots is not specifically explained in studies with cathartics, 30% with oral administered drugs, 50% of studies with injectable and 5% were performed with topical administration [44]. However, synthetic carriers and biohybrid nanorobotics are scrutinised as biodegradable [45]. The superparamagnetic polymer is degradable in vivo and the excretion of degraded product removes as a non-invasive substitute to physical/invasive device retrieval. The superparamagnetic hydrogel material absorbs and releases biologically related substances, linkage via single-and two-photon polymerisation (TPP) and decompose in an aqueous environment. The material is composed of high triacrylate-stealth poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA), pentaerythritol (PETA) and magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. Fabrication of hydrogels ABF’s are done by TPP and weak, rotating magnetic field is used for wireless actuation. Corkscrew propulsion based on locomotion, targeted drug delivery to a model cell line (3T3 fibroblast cells), and degradation products with little cytotoxicity are illustrated [46].
Can Emotional Disclosure Promote Sport Injury-Related Growth?
Published in Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2018
Yet, these negative emotions were reported to dissipate in later sessions as the participants worked through their experiences, leading to what they described as a Therapeutic Experience that lowered negative affect and heightened positive affect. One participant expressed, It was nice to talk in the later sessions. It was cathartic. Better out than in, I guess. I don't know, it was just nice to take the time to understand, well, me. It was like therapy. I clearly had a lot of shit going on in my head about my injury, and it was nice to unleash it. To let it all out. It felt good to do it. It felt nice to offload. To get everything out of my head. I'd do it again. I'd recommend it to others.
“The assessment really helps you with the first step in recovery.” What do clients think substance use disorder treatment intake assessments should look like?
Published in Substance Abuse, 2021
Katherine Treiman, Howard Padwa, Tami L. Mark, Janice Tzeng, Marylou Gilbert
We found that the SUD treatment intake assessment process evoked strong feelings, both positive and negative, among study participants. For example, some participants said that answering detailed questions about their substance use history, mental health, and social relationships was cathartic and gave them helpful insights. Other participants found the process exhausting and reacted to some questions as being too personal and invasive. Participants emphasized how critical it is for the person conducting the assessment to be supportive, nonjudgmental, and attentive.