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Constipation
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Osmotic Agents: Osmotic laxatives help fluids move through the colon. Examples include prescription strength polyethylene glycol (Golytely, Nulytely)8 or over-the-counter products such as lactulose (Kristalose, 10–20 gm/day) and polyethylene glycol (Miralax). Magnesium oxide is a useful supplement in treating constipation.9 Typically, to relieve constipation, doses range from 1,000–2,000 mg/day. Magnesium citrate (citrate of magnesia, Citroma, 240 ml orally one time) is effective and has a number of health benefits, including improved calcium absorption, increased gastrointestinal motility, stool softening, and others.9 Magnesium hydroxide (2.4–4.8 gm) in the form of milk of magnesia can also be effective.10 Magnesium sulfate (10–30 gm) in the form of salts should only be used for occasional treatment of constipation, and doses should be taken with a full 8 oz. glass of water.10,11
Surgical treatment of disorders of sexual development
Published in Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
Rafael V. Pieretti, Patricia K. Donahoe
The bowel must be prepared before repair. For low repairs, magnesium citrate should be given starting 2 days before repair. For high repairs, a polyethylene glycol isotonic solution (Golytely; Braintree Laboratories, Braintree, MA, USA) is administered by mouth beginning 3 days before surgery for 2 consecutive days, followed by magnesium citrate 1 day before surgery. If needed, Ondansetron may be indicated to prevent nausea, or Golytely can be administered through a small nasogastric tube. The use of Golytely should be discontinued at least 24 hours before surgery to avoid leakage during the procedure. Magnesium citrate, which shrinks the bowel, is given on the last day to prevent leakage. Oral administration of neomycin plus erythromycin can be prescribed to reduce bacterial concentration although recent evaluations of the microbiome questions that practice.
Herbal and Supplement Use in Pain Management
Published in Sahar Swidan, Matthew Bennett, Advanced Therapeutics in Pain Medicine, 2020
Dose: Fibromyalgia: magnesium citrate 300 mg daily for 8 weeks improved symptoms of fibromyalgia such as number of tender points and comorbidities such as depression as compared to baseline.96Cancer-associated neuropathic pain: 500 mg to 1 g IV magnesium sulfate can relieve pain.97Postoperative pain: 25 to 100 mg intrathecally increases time until onset by up to 23 minutes following surgery compared to local anesthetics alone or lipophilic opioid.98Migraine headache: magnesium sulfate 400 mg by mouth daily.99
A randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy of 1-L polyethylene glycol solution with ascorbic acid plus prucalopride versus 2-L polyethylene glycol solution with ascorbic acid for bowel preparation
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2018
Seong Ji Choi, Eun Sun Kim, Byeong Kwang Choi, Geeho Min, Woojung Kim, Jung Min Lee, Jae Min Lee, Seung Han Kim, Hyuk Soon Choi, Bora Keum, Yoon Tae Jeen, Hong Sik Lee, Hoon Jai Chun, Chang Duck Kim
Many bowel preparation solutions are commercially available, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution has been preferred since its introduction in 1980, as no other solutions have shown superior bowel-cleansing effects. A large volume of PEG solution (4 L) is traditionally used for bowel preparation, but 5–33% of patients are unable to complete the preparation due to the large volume, salty taste, and/or occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms [8]. Numerous studies have focused on volume reduction of the bowel preparation solution, and 2-L PEG combined with ascorbic acid (Asc) is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration and recognized as an effective and safe bowel preparation method [9–11]. However, the volume of the preparation solution is still a major complaint of patients who are preparing for colonoscopy. Recent studies have suggested that the additional administration of laxatives, such as bisacodyl or magnesium citrate, to the conventional bowel preparation solution can reduce the volume of the solution required due to its prokinetic effect [5,12–15].
Antilithiatic effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of cactus prickly pear in chemically induced urolithiasis in rats
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2018
Nasrin Partovi, Mohammad Reza Ebadzadeh, S. Jamilaldin Fatemi, Mohammad Khaksari
Normal urine contains many inorganic and organic inhibitors of crystallization, magnesium is one such well-known inhibitors. Low levels of magnesium are also encountered both in stone formers and in stone-forming rats. The magnesium levels return to normal on drug treatment (Selvam et al., 2001). Diets high in magnesium have been found to protect against deposition of calcium oxalate in the kidneys of vitamin B6-deficient rats. Promising results in preventing recurrence have been shown in patients treated with potassium magnesium citrate. Magnesium complexes with oxalate and reduce the super saturation of calcium oxalate by reducing the saturation of calcium oxalate and nucleation rate of calcium oxalate crystals (Selvam et al., 2001; Soundararajan et al., 2006). Urinary magnesium was significantly diminished in ethylene glycol induced urolithic rats. The extracts of cactus fruit treatment restored the magnesium excretion in Groups IV, V and VII and near to control in Group VI.
A safe and effective multi–day colonoscopy bowel preparation for individuals with spinal cord injuries
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2018
Shawn H. Song, Jelena N. Svircev, Brandon J. Teng, Jason A. Dominitz, Stephen P. Burns
As per the clinical protocol for bowel preparation, patients receiving inpatient colonoscopies were placed on clear liquid diets beginning the evening 3 days prior to the colonoscopy and were made nothing per os (NPO) on the day of the procedure. One bottle (480 ml) of magnesium citrate was administered three days before the scheduled colonoscopy procedure. Four liters of polyethylene glycol-3350 and electrolyte colonic lavage solution (PEG-ELS) was administered orally over a two-hour period in the morning two days before the scheduled procedure. This was repeated one day before the procedure. On the morning of the procedure, an additional two liters of PEG-ELS was administered if rectal/colostomy output was not clear (Fig. 1). The portion of the full bowel preparation received was recorded in nursing notes. Routine bowel care continued during the preparation process. Additionally, inpatients had rectal digital stimulation performed by nursing staff as needed to facilitate complete evacuation following each bowel movement. A small proportion of studies were performed on an outpatient basis, with these patients being excluded from analysis due to lack of bowel preparation compliance and tolerability data.