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Constipation
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
There are many causes of constipation, such as irritable bowel syndrome, a primary or secondary motor disorder of the colon, a defecation disorder, a large number of diseases that affect the colon (e.g., bowel obstruction or stricture, colon or rectal cancer, anal fissures, etc.), adverse events of medications (e.g., opiates, iron, calcium channel blockers, etc.), or low fiber diets. In most cases, a specific disorder is not diagnosed.
Chronic Idiopathic Constipation
Published in Kevin W. Olden, Handbook of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2020
Docusate salts are anionic surfactants that lower the surface tension of stool to allow mixing of aqueous and fatty substances. This softens stool to permit easier defecation. Recent studies failed to demonstrate changes in stool water content, stool weight, frequency of defecation, or colonic transit times when docusates were given in currently recommended doses (43).
The Large Bowel and the Anal Canal
Published in E. George Elias, CRC Handbook of Surgical Oncology, 2020
Frequency of defecation: constipation is very common in western populations; 75 to 85% of westerners defecate once per day, while primitive and developing populations defecate two to three times per day.14
Therapeutic effects of Bombax ceiba flower aqueous extracts against loperamide-induced constipation in mice
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Liuping Wang, Shiyuan Xie, Xuan Jiang, Caini Xu, Youqiong Wang, Jianfang Feng, Bin Yang
Constipation is a common digestive tract disease (Liu et al. 2020) mainly caused by intestinal disorders, which is associated with infrequent bowel movements (Yin et al. 2018), altered bowel habits, difficulty during defecation and disappearance of defecation intention that causes discomfort and seriously affect the quality of life of patients (Wang et al. 2017). Some studies suggest that multiple plant extracts are attracting attention nowadays because of their laxative and there is hardly any side effect on constipation (Gilani et al. 2000; Han 2015; Lu et al. 2021). Moreover, according to the traditional Chinese medicine theory, the B. ceiba flower is cool-natured (Zhang et al. 2015), and is regarded as having laxative property (Shahat et al. 2003). BCE is an aqueous extract from B. ceiba flower, and our study suggests that BCE has a positive effect on relieving the symptoms of loperamide-induced constipation mice.
Botulinum toxin type-A infiltration of the external anal sphincter to treat outlet constipation in motor incomplete spinal cord injury: pilot cohort study
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2021
Margarita Vallès, Sergiu Albu, Hatice Kumru, Fermín Mearin
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a first-magnitude medical, social and economic problem. It mainly affects young people, which may determine persistent disability and health-related problems, impairing quality of life [1,2]. Restoring bowel and bladder function, along with motor recover, emerge as priorities for individuals with SCI [3]. Neurogenic bowel is a major physical and psychological problem for persons with SCI, as changes in bowel motility and sphincter control, along with impaired mobility and hand dexterity, make bowel management a major life-limiting problem. However, bowel dysfunction treatment in patients with SCI has changed little since rehabilitation treatments were established by L. Guttmann in the mid-twentieth century [4]. Most treatments of neurogenic bowel consist of a regular routine, diet, sufficient intake of fluids, physical activity and use of laxatives. Different defecatory methods (including mechanical rectal stimulation, chemical rectal stimulation with suppositories, manual defecation, and attempted defecatory manoeuvres) are also advised, in order to achieve a predictable defecation within a reasonable time and to reduce or eliminate fecal incontinence episodes [5–7]. However, its design and modifications rely on an empirical approach, as no studies exist to demonstrate whether or not the various guidelines are effective [6].
Outcomes of laparoscopic subtotal colectomy with cecorectal anastomosis for slow-transit constipation: a single center retrospective study
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2019
Dong Yang, Liang He, Tong-Rong Su, Yan Chen, Quan Wang
Compared with the study by Hsiao et al. [20], we preferred cecorectal anastomosis [21], as preserving the ileocecal valve has the advantage of water, bile, vitamin B12, and electrolyte preservation. Also, the problem of persistent diarrhea encountered with ileorectal anastomosis was less frequent in this study. Perioperatively, the defecation frequencies ranged from 4 to 12 times per day. However, for patients who follow-up for at least 12 months, the frequency of diarrhea was reduced to 2 to 4 times per day. As the rectum under the level of the sacral promontory was preserved for all patients, according to the CCIS (4.6 ± 1.3 < 10), no incontinence happened in patients having follow-up for more than 6 months. Similar findings were observed by previous studies [22–24]. In patients who follow-up for at least 60 months, the mean frequency of defecation was 0.9 ± 0.5 times per day. Hence, longer follow-up period is required to detect the true incidence of recurrent constipation with the median rate being 9% [25].