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Sedative and Hypnotic Drugs
Published in Sahab Uddin, Rashid Mamunur, Advances in Neuropharmacology, 2020
Arup Kumar Misra, Pramod Kumar Sharma
Carisoprodol is a skeletal muscle relaxant and also has abuse potential. Meprobamate is the active metabolite of carisoprodol which is commonly misused for its abuse potential. It is commonly known as “street drug” (Logan et al., 2000).
Medications That May Be Useful in the Management of Patients with Chronic Intractable Pain
Published in Michael S. Margoles, Richard Weiner, Chronic PAIN, 2019
Carisoprodol should be administered cautiously to patients with compromised liver or kidney function. It may cause impairment of physical and mental faculties required for the performance of potentially hazardous tasks. Chronic intractable pain patients should use caution while driving or performing other tasks that require alertness, coordination, or physical dexterity.
Central Nervous System Depressants
Published in Darrell L. Ross, Gary M. Vilke, Guidelines for Investigating Officer-Involved Shootings, Arrest-Related Deaths, and Deaths in Custody, 2018
Michael A. Darracq, Stephen L. Thornton, Binh T. Ly
While many medications and drugs have sedating effects, it is beyond the scope of this chapter to present all classes of drugs that may have this undesirable adverse effect in their profile. However, a commonly prescribed and abused muscle relaxant, carisoprodol (Soma), deserves to be mentioned. Although its mechanism of action is not precisely known, carisoprodol has pronounced CNS sedating effects similar to benzodiazepines.
Secondary effects of an opioid-focused academic detailing program on non-opioid controlled substance prescribing in primary care
Published in Substance Abuse, 2021
Christopher D. Saffore, A. Simon Pickard, Stephanie Y. Crawford, Michael A. Fischer, Lisa K. Sharp, Sarah Pointer, Todd A. Lee
This study explored the extent to which an opioid-focused AD program with a PMP educational component had secondary effects on non-opioid controlled substance prescribing in primary care. The mean monthly number of BZD prescriptions was lower in both the AD-exposed and control groups in the period after the AD program was administered, but the rate of decline in the AD-exposed group was slower by almost one BZD prescription per month per clinician. There were no meaningful changes in non-BZD sedative-hypnotic between the AD-exposed and control groups. A statistical difference, though marginal, was found between the two groups in carisoprodol prescribing. These results were consistent when restricting to only those clinicians who prescribed at least one non-opioid controlled substance in the pre-AD program period. The findings of the study suggest that opioid-focused AD programs may have secondary effects on the prescribing of non-opioid controlled substances outside of opioids.
Phenprobamate use disorder: a case report
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2021
Harun Olcay Sonkurt, Melis Danisman Sonkurt
Tolerance and dependence of centrally acting muscle relaxants have been reported in the medical literature for nearly 50 years (Elder, 1991). Meprobamate, one of the best-known examples, had been a controlled substance after studies indicating its addictive effects, shortly after its introduction in the 1950 s. Fifty years after its launch, it was withdrawn from the European Union and Canada market, with the statement: “its harms outweigh the benefits.” (Lane et al., 2018). Following the increasing reports of tolerance and dependence about carisoprodol, another frequently used centrally acting muscle relaxant, it has been taken under the controlled substance status by the Food and Drug Administration and withdrawn from the market due to the risk of addiction in several countries (Reeves et al., 2012). Similarly, cases of dependence related to drugs such as cyclobenzaprine, butabarbital, triazolam have been reported (Zawertailo et al., 2003). In addition to these, phenprobamate, which has been reported to be similar to meprobamate in terms of effects, side effects, and toxicity, is not a controlled substance and is frequently used as a centrally acting muscle relaxant (Emet et al., 2009).
Trends in carisoprodol abuse and misuse after regulatory scheduling: a retrospective review of California poison control calls from 2008 to 2015
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2018
Christie Sun, Kathryn A. Hollenbach, F. L. Cantrell
Carisoprodol is marketed as a central acting, skeletal muscle relaxant commonly used for muscle spasm [1]. While the exact mechanism of action is unknown, it causes sedation and subsequently, muscle relaxation [2]. Intentional misuse has been reported as early as 1978 [3].