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Monographs of essential oils that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
For a general introduction to the Cananga odorata tree see Chapter 6.78 Ylang-ylang oil. Ylang-Ylang oil is of higher quality than and is mostly preferred by the fragrance industry over cananga oil. In general, however, their applications are similar. Cananga oil is produced commercially mainly in Indonesia and to a much lesser extent in Vietnam (4). It is used as fragrance in perfumes and cosmetics, as flavor in foods and beverages, in pharmaceuticals and in aromatherapy (1,2,3,5,6).
Annonaceae Species
Published in Atanu Bhattacharjee, Akula Ramakrishna, Magisetty Obulesu, Phytomedicine and Alzheimer’s Disease, 2020
Chistiane Mendes Feitosa, Antônia Laires da Silva Santos, Alyandra de Sousa Nascimento, Veruska Cavalcanti Barros, Valeria Lima Silva Veras, Mahendra Rai
In Asia and Africa, the flowers of Cananga odorata and Artabotrys odoratissima are used in the manufacture of perfumes (e.g. ylang-ylang oil) (Kessler, 1993) and a large number of species of Annonaceae are used in traditional medicine, exhibiting antimicrobial activities (Alawa et al., 2003), as well as antihelminthic (Alawa et al., 2003) and antitumor activity (Alali et al., 1999), along with inhibition of platelet aggregation (Chang et al., 1998) and treatment of senile dementia (Schultes, 1993). Inhibition of the enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), is known to increase the concentration of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the synapses, a region of communication between neurons in the brain, which could decrease or delay the progression of symptoms in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Some plants that inhibit AChE enzyme activity belong to the family Annonaceae and will be described in Section 1.3.
Adulteration of Essential Oils
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Something of the kind can only happen in the origin, where biomass is growing and distillation is proceeded. Some plants have relatives, which then might have comparable oil compositions. Ylang oil is produced from the flowers of Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook. F. Thomson forma genuina. The other form of Cananga odorata is cananga oil with Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook. F. Thomson forma macrophylla as plant source. On the market, cananga oil is cheaper than ylang oil. Instead of mixing the distilled oils of both, the flowers are distilled together. Furthermore flowers of climbing ylang-ylang Artabotrys uncinatus (Lam.) Merill are sometimes added before distillation. When producing patchouli oil, the vessel is filled with leaves, and to avoid that they stick together during processing, branches of the gurjun tree (Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. Ex G. Don and Dipterocarpus turbinatus C.F. Gaertn.) are added to avoid that. As a result, the oil of patchouli is contaminated with α-Gurjunene (up to 3%),which is not part of a pure patchouli oil (private information to the author).
Non-pharmacological treatments for pediatric refractory epilepsies
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2022
Eleonora Rotondo, Antonella Riva, Alessandro Graziosi, Noemi Pellegrino, Caterina Di Battista, Vincenzo Di Stefano, Pasquale Striano
Different oils may have different chemical constituents and healthy properties [106,107]. For example, oil containing camphor, which has a pro-convulsing effect, should be avoided in patients with epilepsy. Commonly, a mixture of aromatic oils is used, which contains sage or rosemary, chamomile, lavender, rose, geranium, jasmine, and Ylang Ylang [108]. The latter oil is distilled from the flowers of the tree Cananga odorata.
Fungal and mycotoxin occurrence, affecting factors, and prevention in herbal medicines: a review
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Jingsheng Yu, Meihua Yang, Jianping Han, Xiaohui Pang
Chemical utilization is another strategy for decreasing the level of mycotoxins. In recent years, more and more studies about the prevention of mycotoxin using chemicals have been performed. Essential oils (EOs), as a kind of chemical mixture, have significant effect on mycotoxin destruction. Ben Miri and Djenane (2018) extracted the EOs from Cuminum cyminum and Coriandrum sativum, and found that the EOs exhibited remarkable inhibition on the synthesis of AFB1. Kumar et al. (2018) investigated the inhibitory effect of EOs from Cananga odorata on the deoxynivalenol and zearalenone synthesis by Fusarium graminearum, indicating that the greatest suppression effect of Cananga odorata EOs was observed at the level of 3.9 mg/g. The EOs of Artemisia nilagirica effectively suppressed the synthesis of AFB1 and OTA (Sonker et al. 2015). Li et al. (2020) reported that Illicium verum EO exhibited strong inhibitory ability in the production of AFB producd by Aspergillus flavus in lotus seeds. Notably, most of EOs were extracted from medicinal plants and spice plants, including Curcuma longa, Ocimum basilicum, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Sumalan et al. 2013, El-Soud et al. 2015, da Silva Bomfim et al. 2015, Hu et al. 2017). These EOs showed inhibitory effect on mycotoxin synthesis. Consequently, EOs, which are inhibitors originating from natural sources, can be applied as antiputrefactiva. However, the application of EOs in real herbal medicine system still lacks detailed studies. It includes their effect on medicinal composition in herbs, sensitivity to the mycotoxin-producing fungi, and its stability against the processing and storage conditions, such as temperature, light, and oxygen level. In addition to EOs, phenolic compounds and flavonoids were reported to reduce mycotoxin accumulation (Nesci et al. 2007, Ricelli et al. 2019). According to these studies, many chemical compounds from medicinal plants can not only be applied in treatment, but also in ensuring the quality and safety of herbal medicines. In addition, several alkaline compounds removed mycotoxins from herbal medicines. For example, Jalili et al. (2011) observed that sodium hydroxide exhibited decomposition capability for AFs and OTA in pepper. Although numerous compounds have effects on mycotoxin reduction, additional studies are needed to evaluate their safety for humans. Their practical applications are limited to small scale-levels at present.