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Monographs of fragrance chemicals and extracts that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
alpha-Pinene is a colorless to pale yellow clear liquid; its odor type is herbal and its odor at 10% is described as ‘woody, piney and turpentine-like, with a slight cooling camphoraceous nuance and a fresh herbal lift’ (www. thegoodscentscompany.com). alpha-Pinene is used to improve the odor of industrial products such as lubricating oils. It may also be employed in cosmetics and is added as flavor to foods and beverages. Other uses include or have included as solvent for protective coatings, polishes, and waxes, in the synthesis of camphene, camphor, geraniol, esters and ethers, synthetic pine oil, and terpene synthetic resins (U.S. National Library of Medicine).
Metabolism of Terpenoids in Animal Models and Humans
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Camphene is found in higher concentrations in the essential oils of common coniferous trees (e.g., Abies alba or Tetraclinis articulata), in the rhizome of Zingiber officinalis, and in Salvia officinalis and Rosmarinus officinalis (Bornscheuer et al., 2014). Up to now, there is only one publication on various biotransformation products in the urine of rabbits after its oral administration. As shown in Figure 10.2, camphene is metabolized into two diastereomeric glycols (camphene-2,10-glycols). Their formation obviously involves two isomeric epoxide intermediates, which are hydrated by epoxide hydrolase. The monohydroxylated camphene and tricyclene derivatives were apparently formed through the non-classical cation intermediate (Ishida et al., 1979). So far, there are no studies available about the biotransformation of camphene in humans.
Alternative Medicines Based on Aboriginal Traditional Knowledge and Culture
Published in Yasmina Sultanbawa, Fazal Sultanbawa, Australian Native Plants, 2017
Muscle cramps are one of the many ailments treated with the ‘Lemon scented grass’, Cymbopogon ambiguus (also ‘Unanam’, ‘Kalpalp’, Marrkan’ or ‘Aherre-aherre’) (ACNTA, 1988; Dobson, 2007; Low, 1990; Young, 2007). Leaves (or any part of the plant, so long as the leaves are green) are crushed between stones or cut into small pieces and placed in boiling water (ACNTA, 1988). Solid matter is removed and the liquid rubbed onto the body, or else a small amount is drunk (ACNTA, 1988). This plant is very highly regarded as a bush medicine and is one of the few which are dried for storage so that it can be used whenever necessary (ACNTA, 1988). Its traditional use as a headache treatment is supported by studies showing whole plant extracts displaying strong inhibition of platelet aggregation and serotonin release and the compound principally responsible for this anti-inflammatory activity has been identified as eugenol (Grice et al., 2011; Rogers et al., 2001). The presence of essential oils such as camphene and borneol help explain its use as a decongestant (ACNTA, 1988). No antibacterial activity was detected against the microorganisms that have been tested (Palombo and Semple, 2001).
Evaluation of the cardioprotective effect of Casuarina suberosa extract in rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Ekram Nemr Abd Al Haleem, Samah Fathy Ahmed, Abeer Temraz, Walid Hamdy El-Tantawy
A total of 51 compounds were discovered following the GC analysis of the petroleum ether extract. Flavonoids, representing 21.15%, were the main identified class and the chief compound was afromosin-7-O-glucoside (10.65%). Monoterpenes (15.62%) formed the second abundant group of compounds and D-limonene and camphene were the chief compounds. Oxygenated monoterpenes accounted for 3.3%. Unsaturated fatty acids represented 10.38% of the identified compounds. Saturated fatty alcohol and saturated fatty acids represented 10.56% and 7.54%, respectively. Various vitamins such as vitamins E, A and C represented a total of 11.48%. Phytol, acyclic diterpene alcohol, accounted for 2.38% of the total extract, Table 2. Chromatograms of the compounds and their retention times are presented in Figure 2.
Mental energy: plausible neurological mechanisms and emerging research on the effects of natural dietary compounds
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2021
Patrick J. O’Connor, David O. Kennedy, Stephen Stahl
The Nepetoideae sub-family of the Lamiaceae family of plants, which provides most of our culinary herbs and many essential oils (distilled volatile terpenes) and includes psychoactive herbs (e.g. sage, lemon balm, rosemary, peppermint), is a particularly rich source of plants that use volatile terpenes in dual ecological roles [66]. This group typically synthesizes mono- and sesquiterpenes such as 1,8-cineole, α-pinene, camphor, geraniol, geranial, borneol, camphene, and β-caryophyllene. Extracts from this family share common (but variable) mechanisms of action in the brain; for instance, inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and binding allosterically to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A, nicotinic, and muscarinic receptors [66]. Members of this group that have anxiolytic/sedative properties due to GABAergic effects (e.g. lemon balm [Melissa officinalis]) would be unlikely to improve mental energy except for, potentially, in the case of anxious individuals.
The use of terpenes and derivatives as a new perspective for cardiovascular disease treatment: a patent review (2008–2018)
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2019
Eric Aian P. Silva, Jéssica S. Carvalho, Adriana G. Guimarães, Rosana de S.S. Barreto, Márcio R.V. Santos, André S. Barreto, Lucindo J. Quintans-Júnior
Yong et al. [33] (2016) from China patented a complex ester of camphene and terpenoids extracted from the plant Ferula ovina, the novel compound was named Tschimgine (17). The compound was tested in a diabetic and obese mice model (10 mg/kg; i.p.) and after treatment they showed improvements in glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acid levels, compared to a control group. As the compound had a good effect in metabolic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and hyperglycemia, the group hypothesized that it also could be effective in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases by reducing blood levels of triglycerides and glucose.