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Muscle Cramps/Night (Nocturnal) Cramps
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Calcium plays an essential role in muscle contraction. Low blood levels of calcium directly increase the excitability of both the nerve endings and the muscles they stimulate.6 Muscle aches, cramps, and spasms are the earliest signs of a calcium deficiency.7 Cramps are also seen in circumstances that decrease the availability of calcium or magnesium in body fluids, such as taking diuretics, parathyroid gland dysfunction, excess vomiting, or inadequate calcium absorption.6
Weaning a Baby onto a Vegan Diet
Published in Mary Nolan, Shona Gore, Contemporary Issues in Perinatal Education, 2023
Normally, plant-based foods do not contain vitamin D, although some foods may be fortified with it and UV-irradiated mushrooms can provide vitamin D (Cardwell et al., 2018). As vitamin D enhances the absorption of dietary calcium, deficiency can result in compromised bone growth and development. This can result in stunting and rickets, which is characterised by soft, weakened bones and can result in permanent skeletal deformities.
Calcium and Magnesium
Published in Luke R. Bucci, Nutrition Applied to Injury Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2020
Chronic deficiency of calcium leads primarily to bone loss (osteoporosis).705–711 While many factors affect bone mass, calcium deficiency is definitely associated with progressive bone loss that is responsive to calcium supplementation. The long-term effects of osteoporosis are usually not seen until later in adult life (over 60 years of age). However, athletic amenorrhea is usually associated with osteoporosis at young ages and will be discussed later in this section.
Calcium Intake Contributed by Whole Foods and Gastric Cancer in Viet Nam: A Case‑Control Study
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Thinh Gia Nguyen, Dung Thuy Thi Truong, Phuoc Hong Le, Tuyen Cat Kim Vo, Shunya Ikeda, Ngoan Tran Le
Insufficient calcium consumption has become a severe public health issue in Viet Nam, not only because of calcium-related bone disease but also because it is associated with the risk of cancer (9). Previous studies showed calcium consumption reached 506 mg/capita/day in 2010 (44). This was attributed to low milk intake among adults and children. In 2010, each Vietnamese consumed only 29.5 grams/day of milk and eggs (45). Meanwhile, the Viet Nam National Institute of Nutrition recommended a daily dietary calcium intake of 300–400 mg/day for infants, 500–700 mg/day for children, and 700–1000 mg/day for adults (16). Our research revealed that the mean daily calcium consumption in the lowest quintile in both sexes was lower than 200 mg/day, indicating severe calcium deficiency in Vietnamese dietary habits. Furthermore, the survey results usually underestimated the actual daily intake because participants tended to report less than what they consumed. Nevertheless, even though the intake in the 5th quintile only reached 586.1 g/day, which was still lower than the recommendation, GC cases decreased by 50% compared to the 1st quintile. Additionally, in the prospective cohort study of NIH-AARP, participants with a calcium intake of more than 881.3 mg/day were observed to be protected against GC (11).
Prothrombotic state and calcium deficiency in early pregnancy are risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2022
Qingyun Liu, Shanshan Wei, Feng Wang
The primary exposures included PTS, calcium deficiency and IDA in early pregnancy. All exposure status must be determined before 20 weeks of gestation. PTS was defined as having at least one of the measured prothrombotic abnormalities [8,15], including D-dimer (>500 μg/L), thrombin-antithrombin complex (>4 μg/L), thrombomodulin (>35 μg/L), antithrombin III (<80%), fibrinogen (> 4 g/L), thromboxane B2 (>187 ng/L), protein C (<70%), protein S (<55%) and von Willebrand factor (>1.58 U/ml). Total serum calcium less than 8.5 mg/dL was determined as calcium deficiency [16,17]. IDA was diagnosed with hemoglobin <110 g/L and serum ferritin concentration <20 μg/L, according to the Chinese Guideline for Diagnosis and Treatment of IDA during Pregnancy [18]. Examinations for PTS, calcium deficiency and IDA were performed for all participants including controls.
Evaluation and comparison of serum vitamin D and calcium levels in periodontally healthy, chronic gingivitis and chronic periodontitis in patients with and without diabetes mellitus – a cross-sectional study
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2019
Anshuka A. Agrawal, Abhay P. Kolte, Rajashri A. Kolte, Suresh Chari, Madhur Gupta, Resham Pakhmode
There is preliminary evidence suggesting that calcium deficiency may also be one of the risk factors for periodontal disease [20], the association between the two was also studied later by Nishida et al. [21]. As the chronically low intake of calcium along with vitamin D may lead to a negative calcium balance, thus causing an increase in calcium removal from bone, including the alveolar bone as a secondary response. Calcium, along with vitamin D is also essential for insulin-mediated intracellular processes in insulin-responsive tissues with a very narrow range of calcium needed for optimal insulin-mediated functions. Changes in calcium in primary insulin target tissues may contribute to peripheral insulin resistance leading to decreased glucose transporter-4 activity. Insulin secretion is a calcium-dependent process and alterations in calcium flux can have adverse effects on β -cell secretory function [22]. Inadequate calcium intake or vitamin D insufficiency may interfere with normal insulin release, especially in response to a glucose load by altering the balance between the extracellular and intracellular β-cell calcium pools. Thus, altered vitamin D and calcium homeostasis may be contributing factors for the development of T2DM.