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Stimulants and psychedelics
Published in Ilana B. Crome, Richard Williams, Roger Bloor, Xenofon Sgouros, Substance Misuse and Young People, 2019
Mild physical dependence may occur with repeated daily intake. The associated physical withdrawal symptoms, such as fatigue, headache, irritability, inability to concentrate, sleepiness, stomach pain and joint pain, are experienced by roughly half of people who stop consuming caffeine for two days following an average daily intake of 235 mg (Silverman et al., 1992). A rigorous study reported in 2009 demonstrated the physiological effects of caffeine withdrawal (Sigmon et al., 2009). Caffeine dependence and withdrawal occur also in adolescents who consume caffeine daily and is marked by symptoms similar to those found in adults (Oberstar et al., 2002).
Caffeinism: History, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Published in Barry D. Smith, Uma Gupta, B.S. Gupta, Caffeine and Activation Theory, 2006
Iulian Iancu, Ahikam Olmer, Rael D. Strous
In contrast to the low level of importance assigned to caffeine dependence, there is a consensus that caffeinism (acute or chronic overuse of caffeine with resultant toxicity) is a syndrome of clinical significance. The mass media have described the constellation of symptoms characteristic of excessive caffeine use as “coffee nerves” (Greden, 1974), but in the medical profession, the syndrome is known as caffeinism.
ENTRIES A–Z
Published in Philip Winn, Dictionary of Biological Psychology, 2003
This is the most widely used central nervous system STIMULANT, and is present in various beverages including coffee and certain soft drinks. Used at low doses, caffeine enhances alertness and concentration in humans while increasing LOCOMOTION in animals. These effects are thought to be mediated by blockade at ADENOSINE receptors. Adenosine is suggested to be an endogenous SLEEP-promoting factor. At higher doses, caffeine can induce nervousness, irritability, ANXIETY and even CONVULSIONS in humans, most likely due to inhibition of phosphodiesterases. Regular caffeine users may develop caffeine dependence and may experience a WITHDRAWAL syndrome upon reduction of caffeine intake.
Alcohol use and problems in daily and non-daily coffee drinking college females
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2018
Sydney S. Kelpin, Thomas B. Moore, Lynn C. Hull, Pamela M. Dillon, Bridget L. Perry, Leroy R. Thacker, Linda Hancock, Dace S. Svikis
Present study relationships between DC use and alcohol-related problems are similar to those commonly observed in ED research (Arria, Bugbee, Caldeira, & Vincent, 2014). Since caffeine dependence can occur with as little as one daily cup of coffee (Juliano & Griffiths, 2004), our findings suggest that caffeine dependence may be an indicator for heavy/problem drinking in college women. Svikis and colleagues (2005) found similar patterns in pregnant women, suggesting caffeine dependence as a marker for perinatal use of tobacco, alcohol, and other substances. With less social stigma attached to caffeine use, it may play a similar role in college females. More research is needed to determine if daily caffeine use might offer an indirect means for health educators and practitioners to identify women at greatest risk for other substance use and therefore most likely to benefit from education and prevention services.
Energy drinks consumption among football players in Lagos, Nigeria
Published in South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2018
Foluke Adenike Olatona, Ijeoma Olumide Aderibigbe, Sunday Adedeji Aderibigbe, Temitope ‘Wunmi Ladi-Akinyemi
Different brands of energy drinks contain caffeine ranging from 50 mg to 550 mg per can or bottle.10 Caffeine has a long history of safe use and scientific evidence maintains that when consumed in moderation (300–400 mg/day/adult) no adverse effects should occur. However, energy drinks are usually consumed rapidly, unlike coffee or tea. This can quickly increase the concentrations of caffeine and other ingredients in the blood, thereby increasing the risk of side effects. Toxicity from excess caffeine can result in nausea, dehydration, irregular headache, nervousness, irritability, increased respiration, insomnia, hallucinations, poor academic performance, aggressive behaviour, tachycardia and cardiac dysrhythmias, hypokalaemia, paralysis, cerebral oedema, rhabdomyolysis, sudden cardiac death, and psychosis.11,12 The increasing reports of caffeine intoxication from energy drinks indicate that caffeine dependence and withdrawal could also increase after short-term, high-dose use.1,13 Taking an excess dose of energy drinks before or during exercise might also be linked to an increased risk of myocardial ischaemia while the elevated sugar quantity in energy drinks contributes to obesity.14,15
Sleepy Teens and Energy Drink Use: Results From an Ethnically Diverse Sample of Youth
Published in Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2018
Wendy M. Troxel, Joan S. Tucker, Brett Ewing, Jeremy N. V. Miles, Elizabeth J. D’Amico
There are well-documented effects of caffeine on sleep, which are purported to be mediated by antagonism of the adenosine A1 receptor (Roehrs & Roth, 2008; Temple, 2009). In fact, the most commonly reported side effects associated with caffeine are insomnia, nervousness, headache, and tachycardia. For instance, in a comprehensive review of the literature on the effects of caffeine on sleep and daytime functioning, Roehrs and Roth (2008) concluded that regular dietary caffeine intake is associated with measurable increases in sleep disturbances and daytime sleepiness and that “[T]he risks to sleep and alertness of regular caffeine use are greatly underestimated by both the general population and physicians” (p. 153). However, the vast majority of research on the epidemiology, pharmacology, or associated consequences of caffeine use has been in adults, with relatively less attention paid to use of caffeine among children and adolescents. The available evidence shows that, as with adults, adolescents who regularly consume caffeinated products show signs of caffeine dependence (Bernstein, Carroll, Thuras, Cosgrove, & Roth, 2002; Oberstar, Bernstein, & Thuras, 2002), and that caffeine consumption among adolescents is associated with sleep disturbances, feelings of jitteriness and nervousness, loss of appetite, and somatic symptoms (Aepli, Kurth, Tesler, Jenni, & Huber, 2015; Frary, Johnson, & Wang, 2005).