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Neuroendocrine Factors
Published in Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan, Strength and Conditioning in Sports, 2023
Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan
The primary effects of the estrogens include (29, 108, 148, 163): Feminization patterns in girls at puberty, which includes directly stimulating the growth and development of the primary and secondary sex tissues.Retention of salts, water, and nitrogen and have weak protein anabolic properties. Estrogens also promote bone mineral incorporation and increased bone strength.Modification of blood lipid profiles, resulting in lower total cholesterol and higher HDL2 cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. Additionally, normal physiological concentrations of estrogens appear to produce beneficial effects for glucose tolerance.Metabolic effects include increased lipolysis in muscle and fat tissue and decreased rates of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. Estrogen effects on gluconeogenesis are partially related to its stimulation of an increased insulin-to-glucagon ratio (I:G).
Impact of Lifestyle on Cardiometabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Cindy Lamendola, Jane Nelson Worel
Weight management plays an important role in diabetes prevention as well as the treatment of T2D. Strong evidence suggests that modest and sustained weight loss helps improve glycemic control with a reduction in fasting glucose of approximately 17 mg/dL or glycated hemoglobin of 1.2% (Rothberg et al., 2017; Case et al., 2002). This may help reduce the need for glucose-lowering medications in individuals with DM and who are overweight or obese. In addition, weight loss improves BP with significant reduction of systolic BP by 6–8 mmHg. (Rothberg et al., 2017). Improved triglycerides and blood lipids are also associated with weight (Virani et al., 2021b; Rothberg et al., 2017; Case et al., 2002). Evidence-based recommendations for obesity management include dietary, behavioral, pharmacologic, and surgical interventions. A nonjudgmental approach and the use of patient-centered communication and motivational interviewing techniques can help to identify personal patient preferences and beliefs, establish realistic goals, and address barriers to weight loss.
Traditional Malay Ulam for Healthy Ageing
Published in Goh Cheng Soon, Gerard Bodeker, Kishan Kariippanon, Healthy Ageing in Asia, 2022
Jamia Azdina Jamal, Khairana Husain
Lipids in the body are mainly represented by cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids. High blood lipid levels are an important risk factor for cardiovascular, coronary artery, cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular diseases. These conditions often lead to heart attacks and strokes. A few traditional Malay ulam have been scientifically evaluated for their lipid-lowering ability (Table 10.1).
The Usefulness of Monocyte-to-High Density Lipoprotein and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Diabetic Macular Edema Prediction and Early anti-VEGF Treatment Response
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2022
Duygu Yalinbas Yeter, Serap Eroglu, Baris Sariakcali, Erman Bozali, Ayse Vural Ozec, Haydar Erdogan
Various blood count parameters, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) have been demonstrated as systemic inflammatory biomarkers.7 Also, these markers are associated with diabetes and its complications.1,8 Notably, it was reported that the NLR could be a diagnostic biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity in DME.9 On the other hand, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol from the blood lipid profile is responsible for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant processes, unlike the pro-inflammatory activity of monocytes and neutrophils.10 The monocyte-to-high density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (MHR) shows inflammation and oxidative stress due to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of HDL and the pro-inflammatory effect of monocytes. MHR is related to cardiovascular diseases and has been identified as a biochemical marker in some ocular diseases.11–13 However, there is no study in the literature that evaluates the association between DME, a well-known inflammatory disease, and MHR.
Betaine Supplementation Moderately Increases Total Cholesterol Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2021
Emilia E. Zawieja, Bogna Zawieja, Agata Chmurzynska
A limitation to this meta-analysis is the lack of dietary intake reporting. Betaine and its precursor, choline, can be found in various food items. People differ in their intake of these substances, which depends on their dietary habits. Moreover, other nutrients—such as dietary fiber and saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids—also interact with the blood lipid profile. Previous studies have shown that betaine intake from aleuron-rich products modestly lowered LDL cholesterol, but had no influence on TC, HDL, or TG levels (Price et al. 2010). In another study, plasma betaine was negatively correlated with TG and non-HDL cholesterol levels (Lever et al. 2011). Another limitation of this study is the small sample size, which should be considered when interpreting the results. The small number of studies limited the usefulness of certain statistical tests that are typically included in meta-analyses, such as Egger’s test for small-study bias and the accompanying funnel plots. More data is needed to draw firm conclusions.
A comprehensive serum lipidome profiling of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Published in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration, 2020
Gorka FernÁndez-Eulate, JosÉ Ignacio Ruiz-Sanz, Javier Riancho, Monica ZufirÍa, Gorka GereÑu, Roberto FernÁndez-TorrÓn, Juan JosÉ Poza-Aldea, Jon Ondaro, Juan Bautista Espinal, Gonzalo GonzÁlez-ChinchÓn, Miren Zulaica, Maria BegoÑa Ruiz-Larrea, Adolfo LÓpez De Munain, Francisco Javier Gil-Bea
This is a cross-sectional study to characterize the nature and extent of lipidomic changes in the serum of patients with ALS when compared to healthy controls. To minimize potential factors influencing blood lipid profiling that could confound group differences (21), these criteria were followed: (i) controls lived with the recruited ALS patient and therefore came from the same community, increasing the likelihood of a similar diet on a day-to-day basis; (ii) both patients and controls underwent overnight fasting and had a similar meal the day before; (iii) blood was collected at the same time (between 09:00 and 10:00) in every participant; (iv) a standard operating procedure was followed by all groups and hospitals: Venous blood samples were collected in BD Vacutainer™ SST™ II Advance tubes; serum extraction was performed in the Basque Biobank unit at Donostia University Hospital following standardized procedures; variations in the interval time between blood draw and serum extraction were limited to 1–2 h.