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Natural Products from the Amazon Region as Potential Antimicrobials
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Josiane E. A. Silva, Iasmin L. D. Paranatinga, Elaine C. P. Oliveira, Silvia K. S. Escher, Ananda S. Antonio, Leandro S. Nascimento, Patricia P. Orlandi, Valdir F. Veiga-Júnior
Different from BCP and HML, β-bisabolene (Fig. 2.5) is not a bicyclic sesquiterpene. This compound can be isolated from the EOs of Eremanthus erythropappus, Copaifera sp., Commiphora guidottii and Piper sp. β-bisabolene presents bioactivity including as an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-leishmanial and being cytotoxic. In addition, it was also capable of restoring the activity of ampicillin against Staphylococcus aureus (Oliva et al. 2020).
Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Per 100 g, the fruit is reported to contain 255 calories, 10.5% H2O, 11.0 g protein, 3.3 g fat, 64.8 g total carbohydrate, 13.1 g fiber, 4.3 g ash, 437 mg Ca, 173 mg P, 28.9 mg Fe, 44 mg Na, 1259 mg K, 114 μg ß-carotene equivalent, 0.11 mg thiamine, 0.24 mg riboflavin, and 1.14 mg niacin. Pepper contains 2 to 4% volatile oil; and 5 to 9% piperine, piperidine, piperettine, and other minor alkaloids (piperyline, piperolein A, piperolein B, piperanine, etc.).29 White pepper contains little volatile oil but has the same pungent principles and alkaloids as black pepper. Pepper oil contains a complex mixture of monoterpenes (70 to 80%), sesquiterpenes (20 to 30%). Major monoterpenes include alpha-thujene, alpha-pinene, camphene, sabinene, beta-pinene, myrcene, 3-carene, limonene, and beta-phellan-drene. Sesquiterpenes include, mostly, beta-caryophyllene, some beta-bisabolene, beta-far-nesene, ar-curcumene, humulene, beta-selinene, alpha-selinene, beta-elemene, alpha-cubebene, alpha-copaene, and sesquisabinene. Oxygenated components include linalool, 1-terpinen-4-ol, myristicin, nerolidol, safrol, beta-pinone, N-formalpiperidine, etc.29 Purse-glove et al. devote a 2V2-page table to the constituents of black pepper.64 One pungent principle of pepper is piperine, present at levels of 2 to 6%. Piperine may be useful as an analeptic in barbiturate poisoning. It has a central stimulant action in frogs, mice, rats, and dogs. Piperine, at 1 mg/m€, decreased the contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum. When injected i.v. into dogs at 1 mg/kg, it decreased blood pressure and respiration rate. When given orally to rats at 100 mg/100 g, it showed slight febrifugal activity. Piperine interacts with nitrite in vitro under slightly acidic conditions at 37° to form carcinogenic nitrosamines. Piperine is a stimulant. It is mutagenic with Leptospira; with large doses a bactericidal effect is produced. Isolated piperine has an inhibiting effect on Lactobacillus plantarum, Micrococcus specialis, and two fecal microorganisms (Escherichia coli and Streptococcusfaecalis.)41
Lippia graveolens HBK oleoresins, extracted by supercritical fluids, showed bactericidal activity against multidrug resistance Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus strains
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Oscar de Jesús Calva-Cruz, Nallely S. Badillo-Larios, Antonio De León-Rodríguez, Eduardo Espitia-Rangel, Raúl González-García, Edgar Alejandro Turrubiartes-Martinez, Arnulfo Castro-Gallardo, Ana Paulina Barba de la Rosa
Eucalyptol, terpino-4-ol, p-cyme-8-ol, anisole, hydroxyquinone, 3-ter-butylated hydroxyanisole, β-bisabolene, were detected in two samples (Table 5). β-bisabolene is a sesquiterpene that showed selective cytotoxic activity for mouse and human breast cancer cells [63]. Eucalyptol, a terpenoid oxide, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in various diseases, including respiratory, pancreatitis, colon damage, and neurodegenerative diseases [58]. The synergic of eucalyptol and terpine-4-ol, have shown to have a stronger antimicrobial effect [59]. P-tert butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is an antioxidant consisting of a mixture of two isomeric organic compounds, 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3-ter-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and is used as food additive. BHA is also used in medicines, such as isotretinoin, lovastatin, and simvastatin [64].
Volatile, non-volatile composition and insecticidal activity of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng against diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), and aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2019
Olonisakin Adebisi, Shudh Kirti Dolma, Praveen Kumar Verma, Bikram Singh, S. G. Eswara Reddy
The hydro distillation of the fresh aerial parts of plant yielded 0.06% (v/w), clear light yellow oil with a characteristic odor. Analysis of the oil led to the identification of 23 constituents, which represents 78.05% of the total oil as shown in Table 1. Among them, eighteen were hydrocarbons (60.50%) and five were oxygenated derivatives (39.50%). Sesquiterpenes were predominant (60%) while monoterpenes represented about 40% of the total amount. The main constituents of the sesquiterpenoid hydrocarbon present were β-bisabolene (3.38%), murolene (2.83%), β-farnesene (2.09%), and oxygenated derivatives were α-epi-cadinenol (16.63%), and α-bisabolol (4.08%). For monoterpenoid hydrocarbons the most abundant constituents are O-cymene (13.54%), α-phyllandrene (7.46%), 2-σ-carene (5.77%), and camphene (3.59%) with bornyl acetate as oxygenated derivative of mono terpenoid.
Comparative antidandruff efficacy of plant extracts prepared from conventional and supercritical fluid extraction method and chemical profiling using GCMS
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Ratish Chandra Mishra, Rosy Kumari, Jaya Parkash Yadav
In C. zeylanicum SFE extract a total of 15 phytochemicals were identified differing in retention time and percentage area (Table 4 and Figure 4). The most abundant compound was cinnamaldehyde or phenylpropanoid with an area of 75.58%. A variety of sesquiterpenes such as β-caryophyllene, α-copaene, α-muurolene, α-humulene or α-caryophyllene, α-cadinene, ß-bisabolene, cubenol, calamenene, muurolol, cadine-1,4-diene were also observed in the sample.