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Aquatic Plants Native to America
Published in Namrita Lall, Aquatic Plants, 2020
Bianca D. Fibrich, Jacqueline Maphutha, Carel B. Oosthuizen, Danielle Twilley, Khan-Van Ho, Chung-Ho Lin, Leszek P. Vincent, T. N. Shilpa, N. P. Deepika, B. Duraiswamy, S. P. Dhanabal, Suresh M. Kumar, Namrita Lall
The American lotus can cover up to 40% of the estuary surfaces, but the potential biological properties promoting the dominance of this plant species at the natural plant population densities are not well understood (Francko and Whyte 1994). Vance and Francko (1997) reported that the extracts from American lotus exhibited no allopathic effect on the growth of two submerged plant species including watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) and sago pondweed (Stuckenia pectinatus) that are common to the coastal wetlands (Vance and Francko 1997). Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, the most important phytochemicals in N. lutea extracts, have been documented to possess numerous biological functions in vitro and in vivo. In fact, nuciferine from the N. nucifera extracts has been reported to exert antidiabetic, anti-HIV, antipsychotic, and melanogenesis inhibitory capacities (Farrell et al. 2016, Guo et al. 2013, Nakamura et al. 2013, Sakuljaitrong et al. 2013).
Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects of Terpenes, Polyphenolics, and Other Non-Flavonoid Phytochemicals
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
Berberine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid found in a variety of plants including European barberry, goldenseal, goldthread, Oregon grape, phellodendron, and tree turmeric. It is also contained in Berberis aristata, a major herb widely used in Indian and Chinese systems of medicine. Berberine exhibits a wide range of biological activities including antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, and antiinflammatory effects, as well as central nervous system activity. There is a large literature describing antidepressant-like effects of berberine in rodents. However, there are also studies of berberine for various human ailments, including diabetes. Indeed, in human subjects, berberine lowers serum glucose and fasting insulin, and increases insulin sensitivity.24
The pharmacology of pain control
Published in Nan Stalker, Pain Control, 2018
Morphine is extracted from opium, which is the dried juice of the seed capsule of the opium poppy, papaver somniferum. Opium contains a large number of active drugs but therapeutic medical interest is primarily associated with two different classes of alkaloids present in the juice of the seed pod. The phenanthrene alkaloids, which include morphine and codeine. These alkaloids are strong analgesics and can produce sedation at high doses.The benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, of which papaverine is present in the highest concentration. These alkaloids are not analgesics but have a wide range of other pharmacological properties including vasodilation.
A comprehensive review of cardiotoxic effects of selected plants
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Akbar Anaeigoudari, Nahid Azdaki, Mohammad Reza Khazdair
Treated rat with ethanolic extract of aconitum (40 mg/kg) induced retching, hyperventilation, hypo-activity, diarrhea, writhing and even hyperspasmia were elicited, and some of which were reversible after 1–2 h. The aconitum extract also lowered body weights of rats in the first 2 days and also induced cell swelling, granular and ballooning degeneration, vacuolation, and necrosis of the cells in the heart tissue after 14 days (Ge et al.2016). However. higenamine (HG) as a natural benzylisoquinoline alkaloid derived from Aconitum has been to show positive inotropic and chronotropic effects. It has been reported that this plant alkaloid exerted improving effects on chronic heart failure (CHF) in rats and H9c2 cells caused by doxorubicin when it was combined with [6]-gingerol (HG/[6]-GR) (Wen et al.2020).
The efficacy of RGD modified liposomes loaded with vinorelbine plus tetrandrine in treating resistant brain glioma
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2019
Xue-Tao Li, Wei Tang, Hong-Jun Xie, Shuang Liu, Xiao-Li Song, Yao Xiao, Xin Wang, Lan Cheng, Gui-Rong Chen
RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) is a tripeptide composed of l-arginine, glycine, and l-aspartic acid. It is known to serve as a specific ligand for integrin ανβ3 subfamily, which is overexpressed on vascular endothelial cells and most malignant cancer cells including glioma cells, ovarian cancer cells, breast cancer cells, melanoma cells, and so on (Liu et al.2010, Li et al.2011, Zhang et al.2011). Vinorelbine is a cytostatic drug belonging to the vinca alkaloid family. It interferes with microtubule assembly and induces a cell cycle arrest at mitosis (Xu et al.2016). Vinorelbine has been used for treatment of breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, brain glioma, and other type of cancers (Cazzaniga et al.2016). Tetrandrine is one member of the bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids isolated from root of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Stephaniae tetrandrae. It has been broadly applied in treatment of silicosis, autoimmune disorders, inflammatory pulmonary diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension. It is also reported that tetrandrine could reverse MDR and inhibit the angiogenesis and metastasis in some solid tumours (Liu et al.2016b).
Advances in phytochemical and modern pharmacological research of Rhizoma Corydalis
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Bing Tian, Ming Tian, Shu-Ming Huang
Alkaloids are the major biologically active components of RC. Presently, more than 80 alkaloids have been isolated and identified from RC (Xiao et al. 2011; Zhou et al. 2012); with benzylisoquinoline alkaloids account for a large proportion, including protoberberines, aporphines, opiates among others. Protoberberine alkaloids are the most abundant benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in RC (Zhou et al. 2012).