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Case report of perioperative bronchospasm
Published in Ade Gafar Abdullah, Isma Widiaty, Cep Ubad Abdullah, Medical Technology and Environmental Health, 2020
Atracurium is part of a wide selection of nondepolarizing muscle relaxants, their chemical structure classified as benzylisoquinolinium, steroidal, and other compounds. Benzylisoquinoline tends to release histamine from mast cells and can result in bronchospasm, skin flushing, or hypotension from peripheral vascular dilation. Atracurium should be avoided in asthmatic patients. Severe bronchospasm is occasionally seen in patients without a history of asthma (Butterworth, Mackey, & Wasnick 2013).
Aquatic Plants Native to America
Published in Namrita Lall, Aquatic Plants, 2020
Bianca D. Fibrich, Jacqueline Maphutha, Carel B. Oosthuizen, Danielle Twilley, Khan-Van Ho, Chung-Ho Lin, Leszek P. Vincent, T. N. Shilpa, N. P. Deepika, B. Duraiswamy, S. P. Dhanabal, Suresh M. Kumar, Namrita Lall
The American lotus can cover up to 40% of the estuary surfaces, but the potential biological properties promoting the dominance of this plant species at the natural plant population densities are not well understood (Francko and Whyte 1994). Vance and Francko (1997) reported that the extracts from American lotus exhibited no allopathic effect on the growth of two submerged plant species including watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) and sago pondweed (Stuckenia pectinatus) that are common to the coastal wetlands (Vance and Francko 1997). Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, the most important phytochemicals in N. lutea extracts, have been documented to possess numerous biological functions in vitro and in vivo. In fact, nuciferine from the N. nucifera extracts has been reported to exert antidiabetic, anti-HIV, antipsychotic, and melanogenesis inhibitory capacities (Farrell et al. 2016, Guo et al. 2013, Nakamura et al. 2013, Sakuljaitrong et al. 2013).
The pharmacology of pain control
Published in Nan Stalker, Pain Control, 2018
Morphine is extracted from opium, which is the dried juice of the seed capsule of the opium poppy, papaver somniferum. Opium contains a large number of active drugs but therapeutic medical interest is primarily associated with two different classes of alkaloids present in the juice of the seed pod. The phenanthrene alkaloids, which include morphine and codeine. These alkaloids are strong analgesics and can produce sedation at high doses.The benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, of which papaverine is present in the highest concentration. These alkaloids are not analgesics but have a wide range of other pharmacological properties including vasodilation.
Integrated serum pharmacochemistry and investigation of the anti-gastric ulcer effect of Zuojin pill in rats induced by ethanol
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Jiaying Zhang, Yi Yin, Qianqian Xu, Xiaoqing Che, Chen Yu, Yan Ren, Dongsheng Li, Juanjuan Zhao
Aporphine alkaloids are another type of alkaloid from CC that display various biological activities, such as antitumor, antimicrobial, reversal of multidrug resistance, and antiviral activities (Liu et al. 2014). Aporphine alkaloids are characterised by a tetracyclic aromatic basic skeleton, including the phenol oxidative coupling of a benzylisoquinoline precursor (Ge and Wang 2018). Magnoflorine, a representative aporphine alkaloid found in CC, was first analysed. Molecular ions M+ and fragment ions, including [M-45]+, [M-60]+ and [M-77]+, were easily detected in the magnoflorine spectrum. The fragmentation pathways are shown in Figure 3A, from which we found aporphine alkaloids easily broke and recombined the side chain. According to the diagnostic fragmentation pathways [M-45]+, [M-60]+ and [M-77]+ and accurate mass measurement within 5 ppm error, peaks 14 and 22 were assigned as menisperine and stephabine, respectively. The typical mass spectra of menisperine and its fragmentation pathways are exhibited in Figure 3B.
A comprehensive review of cardiotoxic effects of selected plants
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Akbar Anaeigoudari, Nahid Azdaki, Mohammad Reza Khazdair
Treated rat with ethanolic extract of aconitum (40 mg/kg) induced retching, hyperventilation, hypo-activity, diarrhea, writhing and even hyperspasmia were elicited, and some of which were reversible after 1–2 h. The aconitum extract also lowered body weights of rats in the first 2 days and also induced cell swelling, granular and ballooning degeneration, vacuolation, and necrosis of the cells in the heart tissue after 14 days (Ge et al.2016). However. higenamine (HG) as a natural benzylisoquinoline alkaloid derived from Aconitum has been to show positive inotropic and chronotropic effects. It has been reported that this plant alkaloid exerted improving effects on chronic heart failure (CHF) in rats and H9c2 cells caused by doxorubicin when it was combined with [6]-gingerol (HG/[6]-GR) (Wen et al.2020).
Safety of sugammadex for reversal of neuromuscular block
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2019
GHM Honing, CH Martini, A Bom, M van Velzen, M Niesters, LPHJ Aarts, A Dahan, M Boon
Occasionally, patients need to undergo a (second) surgical procedure shortly after the first one has finished. In case sugammadex was used for reversal in the prior procedure, obtaining an NMB in the second procedure needs some consideration as free, unbound sugammadex may still be circulating. If physicians intend to use an aminosteroidal NMBD in this situation, a distinct dose recommendation by the manufacturer should be followed. During the first 4 h after sugammadex administration, a dose of rocuronium 1.2 mg/kg is recommended [63]. This has shown to achieve an NMB within several minutes (mean onset time of 3.1 min, range 1.92–4.72) [64]. When 4 h have passed since the prior sugammadex administration, the normal dose of rocuronium (0.6 mg/kg) or vecuronium (0.1 mg/kg) is advised [63]. Importantly, the use of aminosteroidal NMBDs is not recommended in the first 5 min after sugammadex administration. In addition, patients with mild of moderate renal impairment should receive rocuronium 1.2 mg/kg during the first 24 h after sugammadex administration [63]. Alternatively, physicians may use benzylisoquinoline NMBDs or succinylcholine instead of aminosteroidal NMBDs to obtain an NMB in these situations.