China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Surfactants in Cosmetic Products
Published in Heather A.E. Benson, Michael S. Roberts, Vânia Rodrigues Leite-Silva, Kenneth A. Walters, Cosmetic Formulation, 2019
Ricardo Pedro, Kenneth A. Walters
In addition, the change in the lipophilic nature of the hair surface due to the adsorption of the cationic agent allows other ingredients of the formulation to be more compatible with the hair. The cationic agents increase the deposition of fatty materials and emollients on hair. Cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, stearyl amidopropyl dimethylamine quats, esterquats, behentrimonium chloride and behentrimonium methosulphate are the most widely used cationic surfactants in hair conditioners.
Tier-based skin irritation testing of hair cleansing conditioners and their constituents
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2019
Ernest S. Fung, Rachel M. Novick, Derek A. Drechsel, Kevin M. Towle, Dennis J. Paustenbach, Andrew D. Monnot
Thirty-two ingredients were run through the OECD QSAR Toolbox profiler as described above. Nine ingredients received a structural alert for skin irritation/corrosion (Table 3). According to the skin irritation/corrosion inclusion rules by BfR: behentrimonium methosulphate received a structural alert for esters of organic sulfonic or sulphuric esters; behentrimonium chloride, cetrimonium chloride, and dicetyldimonium chloride received a structural alert for quaternary organic ammonium compound; benzyl salicylate, tocopherol, and vitis vinifera (grape) seed oil received a structural alert for phenols; and hexyl cinnamal and hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (HICC) received a structural alert for aldehydes. Based on the ingredient physicochemical properties, three of the ingredients were not expected to cause skin irritation based on the skin irritation/corrosion exclusion rules by BfR, while predictions for the remaining six ingredients were unavailable. We conservatively classified an ingredient as a potential irritant based on the inclusion rules analysis, even if it was not predicted to be an irritant based on the exclusion rules analysis. Based on the results of the tier one in silico analysis, additional testing was performed to evaluate the skin irritation potential of all six commercially available cleansing conditioners.