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Glomerular Barrier Behaves as an Atomically Precise Bandpass Filter in a Sub-nanometre Regime *
Published in Valerio Voliani, Nanomaterials and Neoplasms, 2021
Du Bujie, Xingya Jiang, Anindita Das, Qinhan Zhou, Yu Mengxiao, Rongchao Jin, Jie Zheng
BALB/c mice (n = 3 for each nanocluster) were intravenously injected with Au10-11SG10-11, Au15SG13, Au18SG14 and Au25SG18 Au22SG16, Au22SG18 (∼100 µmol l−1, 100 µl), respectively, followed by collection of ∼30 µl blood samples retro-orbitally at 2, 5, 10, 30 min, 1, 3, 5, 8, 12 and 24 h and 48 h p.i. The blood samples were weighed and completely lysed in1 ml freshly made aqua regia in screw-capped glass bottles (10 ml) for 3 days. They were then diluted to 10 ml using ultrapure water and transferred into 15 ml plastic centrifuge tubes, centrifuged at 4,500 r.p.m. for 5 min to remove insoluble components. The final samples were analysed with ICP-MS.
Registrations of Geochemical Compositions of Soils, Plants, and Waters as a Basis for Geomedical Investigations in Finland
Published in Jul Låg, Geomedicine, 2017
The Geological Survey of Finland carried out extensive nationwide mapping of glacial till in the course of compiling the Geochemical Atlas of Finland. Four samples of glacial till were collected from the C horizon of the podzol profile per site and mixed to form a composite sample. A total of 1057 samples were used from all over the country. The minus-64 μm fraction, which was sieved and leached for partial content analyses with aqua regia (AR) and digested with HF + B(OH)3 for total content analysis, was analyzed by ICAP spectroscopy. The fine fraction of till was analyzed directly by the INAA method.
Iodine that sustains electronic and information materials
Published in Tatsuo Kaiho, Iodine Made Simple, 2017
Traditionally, the wet method has been used to etch ITO. Chemical solutions with strong acidity such as aqua regia (hydrochloric acid/nitric acid mixture) are used. However, problems such as poor uniformity and instability, penetration of the etching fluid, difficulty in fine processing, etc., exist. To solve these problems, the dry etching method was developed. In the dry etching method, radicals and ions with high reactivity are generated in plasma and are applied to the thin film surface, creating a chemical reaction with the substrate surface material. Thereafter, these are converted to a compound using high vapor pressure and removed from the thin film.
Distribution, contamination, toxicity, and potential risk assessment of toxic metals in media from Arufu Pb–Zn–F mining area, northeast Nigeria
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Adeniyi J. Adewumi, Temitope A. Laniyan, Phillips R. Ikhane
All laboratory analyses of samples were carried out at the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang, China. Prior to analysis, digestion of samples was carried out using Aqua Regia procedure. One gram of samples was weighed using electronic weighing balance and place into Teflon tubes using a mixture of NO3 and HCl in a ratio of 1:3. This was then placed in metallic container for 16 h at temperature of 110 °C and after which they were transferred to a hotplate where the digestate was allowed heat to near dryness after which 5 ml of the acids were added. After a total digestion of samples, the digestates were diluted with ultrapure water at the ratio of 1:50. For the analysis, Agilent 7700 series inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used. Metals analyzed in the soils, stream sediments, and mine tailings were As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Fe. For the analysis, high plasma liquid chromatography Agilent 7700 series ICP-MS was used. Standardized samples from the laboratory were measured at interval of 10 samples to serve as quality control for the analysis. Major oxides in the samples were analyzed using X-Ray Fluorescence ARL Quant’x EDXRF spectrometer. Major oxides analyzed include: Al2O3, CaO, CuO, Fe2O3, K2O, MgO, MnO, and LOI. Mineralogical analysis for soils, stream sediments, rocks, and mine-tailings was carried out using ARLTM Equinox 6000 X-Ray diffractometer.
A polyoxyethylene sorbitan oleate modified hollow gold nanoparticle system to escape macrophage phagocytosis designed for triple combination lung cancer therapy via LDL-R mediated endocytosis
Published in Drug Delivery, 2020
Yan Shen, Yun Xia, Ershuang Yang, Zixuan Ye, Yuan Ding, Jiasheng Tu, Yong Zhang, Pengcheng Xu
In order to further investigate the cellular uptake of the HGNPs solution, the HGNPs-DOX solution and the PSO-HGNPs-DOX solution by A549 cells and L02 cells, A549 cells with a high expression of LDL-R and L02 cells with a low expression of LDL-R were used; detailed information for such procedure is described in the Supporting Information section. The A549 cells and L02 cells were cultured in 6-well plates at 1 × 105 cells per well, and once grown to ca. 80% confluence, the cells were exposed to the HGNPs solution, the HGNPs-DOX solution, and the PSO-HGNPs-DOX solution with 0.375 mM of an Au concentration and then were incubated for 2, 4, and 6 h, respectively. Later, the cell-filled plate was placed on ice, the medium removed, and the cells were washed three times with pre-cooled PBS buffer to remove any excessive or unbound drug or nanoparticles. Five hundred microliter of the RIPA cell lysate was added to a 6-well plate, and the lysate and the cells were brought into full contact, and then repeatedly thawed at −20 °C and 4 °C. Twenty microliter of the mixture was used to detected the protein content by the BCA reagent while 1 mL of aqua regia was added to the remaining solution, digested for 2 h by a microwave digestion apparatus, and the Au content was determined using AAS (ICE-3300, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA).
Albumin-bioinspired iridium oxide nanoplatform with high photothermal conversion efficiency for synergistic chemo-photothermal of osteosarcoma
Published in Drug Delivery, 2019
Wenguang Gu, Tao Zhang, Junsheng Gao, Yi Wang, Dejian Li, Ziwen Zhao, Bo Jiang, Zhiwei Dong, Hui Liu
The cellular uptake of BSA-IrO2@DOX was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), flow cytometry and ICP-AES analysis. For CLSM, Saos-2 cells were seeded into confocal culture dish with a density of 5 × 105 cells/mL−1 and incubated for 24 h, followed by the addition of BSA-IrO2@DOX or free DOX (DOX: 5 μg mL−1) with or without 5 min laser irradiation (after 2 h incubation) and an incubation for another 6 h. After that, the cells were washed with PBS and stained with DAPI (2 μg mL−1) for 20 min. The fluorescent images were obtained by using a CLSM (Leica TCS SP5, Germany). For the flow cytometry analysis, Saos-2 cells were seeded in glass-bottom culture dishes (1 × 105 cells per dish) for 24 h, followed by the addition of free DOX and BSA-IrO2@DOX at a DOX concentration of 5 µg mL−1 with or without 5 min laser irradiation (after 2 h incubation) and an incubation for another 6 h. Afterward, the cells in all groups were digested with trypsin, followed by centrifugation. After washing by PBS and resuspending in PBS, the intracellular fluorescence of DOX was studied by using a FACScan flow cytometry (Becton Dickinson, CA, USA). Furthermore, half of the cells were washed, trypsinized, and digested by 1 mL of aqua regia overnight and diluted with 1 mL of water. Then, the intracellular Ir content in every cell samples was determined by ICP-AES assay.