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Management of the Sick Child
Published in Miriam Orcutt, Clare Shortall, Sarah Walpole, Aula Abbara, Sylvia Garry, Rita Issa, Alimuddin Zumla, Ibrahim Abubakar, Handbook of Refugee Health, 2021
Antipyretics can be prescribed for the child’s comfort. There is no physiological need to bring the temperature down unless the child is distressed. It does not reduce the risk of febrile seizures. Paracetamol (15 mg/kg per dose every 6 hours) and ibuprofen (10 mg/kg per dose every 8 hours) can be prescribed, with careful parental guidance to avoid risk of overdose or incorrect usage. Care must be taken in children with SAM. Only use antipyretics when necessary, and only prescribe one dose at a time. Ibuprofen should not be used in Phase 1 of SAM treatment.
Immunosuppressants, rheumatic and gastrointestinal topics
Published in Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara, Paediatric Clinical Pharmacology, 2021
Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara
NSAIDs are used for their analgesic and antiinflammatory effects. A summary of the NSAIDs most frequently used is shown in Table 2. The dosage and frequency of administration required to achieve antiinflammatory and antipyretic effect are generally higher than those required to achieve analgesic effect. NSAIDs may be used in all rheumatic disease, but most frequently in JIA where they are occasionally used as monotherapy in mild disease, but more frequently are used as an adjunct to DMARDs, both in the lag phase before the latter has become effective or where DMARDs are not fully effective at achieving control.
Heterocyclic Drug Design and Development
Published in Rohit Dutt, Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Vandana Garg, Promising Drug Molecules of Natural Origin, 2020
Garima Verma, Mohammad Shaquiquzzaman, Mohammad Mumtaz Alam
Reduction in body temperature i.e. treatment of fever is achieved with the use of certain substances known as antipyretics. In this case also, NSAIDs are widely used. Antipyretic agents procured from plants are given in Table 9.23.
Current pharmacotherapy of cryptosporidiosis: an update of the state-of-the-art
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2021
Anne Schneider, Sebastian Wendt, Christoph Lübbert, Henning Trawinski
Regarding the lack of effective antiparasitic agents, limited diagnostic resources in many regions and spontaneous recovery in most of the cases, symptomatic therapy remains crucial in the treatment of patients with cryptosporidiosis. Dehydration and malabsorption due to frequent and prolonged diarrhea frequently requires oral or parenteral fluid and electrolyte replacement [32]. Lactose free diet is recommended because of frequently occurring secondary lactase deficiency [33]. In cases of accompanying symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting or fever, symptomatic treatment with analgetic, antiemetic or antipyretic substances is advised. Anti-motility agents (e.g. loperamide) may additionally be used as part of supportive therapy [34]. Restoring immune function is critical in the treatment of immunocompromised patients by initiating or modifying antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV patients or adjusting immunosuppressive therapy in solid-organ transplant (SOT) patients [20,33].
Non-contact infrared assessment of human body temperature: The journal Temperature toolbox
Published in Temperature, 2021
Josh Foster, Alex Bruce Lloyd, George Havenith
Antipyretic drugs are a class of medications used to decrease core body temperature during fever, and therefore have the potential to mask elevated Tcore in otherwise symptomatic individuals. In both children and adults, treatment with acetaminophen and/or ibuprofen lowers core temperature to close to normal physiological values during fever [48,49]. There also exists evidence that acetaminophen mildly reduces Tcore in non-febrile individuals [50–52], but the effect is seen primarily in cool/cold climates [53]. In the climate zones advocated in (Table 1), acetaminophen is unlikely to exert a meaningful effect on Tcore but should be accounted for in physiological studies which attempt to minimize daily variation in Tcore.
Ibuprofen-based advanced therapeutics: breaking the inflammatory link in cancer, neurodegeneration, and diseases
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2021
Arun Upadhyay, Ayeman Amanullah, Vibhuti Joshi, Rohan Dhiman, Vijay Kumar Prajapati, Krishna Mohan Poluri, Amit Mishra
Apart from traditional NSAIDs, a large number of alternative therapeutic strategies have been identified, investigated, and suggested for their potential applications in providing symptomatic relief from inflammation and pain under an array of physiological conditions. Despite tremendous success in producing anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects, several toxic reactions may also be induced following the more prolonged exposure of these drugs. In the above sections, we have included many such research outcomes that have been reported in the past. Although a considerable amount of literature on anti-inflammatory drugs is present, we still need a detailed investigation of these drugs in order to evaluate their clinical relevance under various disease conditions without causing observable side effects. In the upcoming years, we should focus more on lowering the risks generated by these COX inhibitors without their efficacy in hindering prostaglandins synthesis. Only such efforts can make this broad class of drugs relevant to the treatment of several above-described diseases in upcoming years.