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Overview of current guidelines
Published in Susan F. Dent, Practical Cardio-Oncology, 2019
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors are associated with the onset of hypertension as well as destabilization of previously controlled hypertension (5,7,52–54). In patients starting VEGF inhibitors, blood pressure (BP) should be obtained at ≥2 clinic visits. Once hypertension is identified (>140/90 mm Hg), the goals of managing hypertension are to reduce the short-term risk of its related morbidities while maintaining effective antiangiogenic therapy for optimal cancer treatment as per the ESC/CCS/ESMO guidelines (3,5,7,55).
Angiogenic Actions of Anionic Polysaccharides from Seaweed
Published in Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati, Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
Celina Maria Pinto Guerra Dore, Monique G. das Chagas Faustino Alves, Luiza Sheyla Evenni P. Will Castro, Luciana Guimaraes Alves Figueira, Edda Lisboa Leite
The first study about angiogenesis, or new blood vessel formation, was conducted by John Hunter in 1794. His observations suggested a proportionality between vascularity and metabolic requirements in health and disease (Choi and Moon 2018). Subsequently, Judah Folkman in 1971 hypothesized that tumor growth is angiogenesis-dependent. Tumor angiogenesis provides not only oxygen and nutrients for tumor cells but also the necessary anchorage to facilitate tumor metastasis (Choi and Moon 2018). Thus, the control of angiogenesis could lead to cancer therapies, stimulating intensive research in the field. Antiangiogenic therapy has become an effective strategy inhibiting tumor growth.
Therapeutic Medicinal Mushroom (Ganoderma Lucidum): A Review of Bioactive Compounds and their Applications
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Plant- and Marine-Based Phytochemicals for Human Health, 2018
Angiogenesis besides being a normal physiological process involving new blood vessels formation from the existing ones is also an essential step in tumor transition. Thus, as suggested by Sanodiya et al. (2009) and Xu et al. (2011), antiangiogenic therapy might be an important component in cancer therapy.120, 176 The GLPP was isolated from the fruiting body of G. lucidum. It directly inhibited HUVECs proliferation in vitro, but had no direct effect on PG cell (a human lung carcinoma cell line) proliferation. However, the serum collected from tumor-bearing mice after GLPP treatment showed inhibition of PG cell proliferation. Chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay revealed that GLPP and GLPP treated serum showed antiangiogenic effect. Furthermore, GLPP noticeably reduced the xenograft (human lung carcinoma cell PG) in BALB/c nude mice in vivo, suggesting that GLPP has antiangiogenic effects.14, 171, 176, 185 The same group of investigators also found antiproliferative effect of GLPP on HUVECs due to its proapoptotic action, mediated by the reduction of Bcl-2 expression; increase of Bax expression and downregulation of VEGF secretion.14, 176, 185
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in tumour progression and its potential roles in tumour therapy
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Endothelial cells in the tumour microenvironment are also known as tumour endothelial cells or tumour-associated endothelial cells (TECs) [7]. TECs are believed to be a critical stromal cell type in the TME, as they play central roles in tumour angiogenesis and the blood supply, which are necessary for nearly all solid tumours. Thus, antiangiogenic therapy targeting angiogenic factors and their receptors has become an important strategy for tumour treatment [8–10]. Nevertheless, it has gradually been noticed and identified that TECs have phenotypic plasticity. In addition to presenting an endothelial phenotype and participating in tumour neovascularization, TECs also have the potential to transdifferentiate into cells with a mesenchymal phenotype through a process termed endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT).
Design, synthesis, docking, ADMET studies, and anticancer evaluation of new 3-methylquinoxaline derivatives as VEGFR-2 inhibitors and apoptosis inducers
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2021
Mohammed M. Alanazi, Ibrahim H. Eissa, Nawaf A. Alsaif, Ahmad J. Obaidullah, Wael A. Alanazi, Abdullah F. Alasmari, Hussam Albassam, Hazem Elkady, Alaa Elwan
VEGFRs and their specific agonist (VEGF) are overexpressed in many human tumours, especially solid tumours as gliomas and carcinomas8. Therefore, VEGFRs are considered as one the most important regulators of angiogenesis and consequently tumour growth9. VEGFRs family comprises three subtypes including VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-310. VEGFR-1 controls embryonic vasculogenesis11. VEGFR-2 regulates both embryonic vasculogenesis and tumour angiogenesis12. On the other hand, VEGFR-3 is responsible for lymphangiogenesis13. So that, VEGFR-2 is now the foremost target for antiangiogenic therapy, and its blocking is a relevant approach for the discovery of new drugs against angiogenesis–dependent malignancies14. VEGFR-2 inhibitors demonstrated effective suppression of tumour progression. ATP binding site is the main target of most VEGFR-2 inhibitors15.
Precision medicine for age-related macular degeneration: current developments and prospects
Published in Expert Review of Precision Medicine and Drug Development, 2018
Marc Biarnés, Vassil Vassilev, Everson Nogoceke, Eszter Emri, Eduardo Rodríguez-Bocanegra, Lucia Ferraro, Míriam Garcia, Sascha Fauser, Jordi Monés, Imre Lengyel, Tunde Peto
The mainstay of nAMD treatment is antiangiogenic therapy delivered by intravitreal injection targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a protein that stimulates proliferation and permeability of new blood vessels [41]. In the western world, there are currently three anti-VEGF treatments used: Ranibizumab (Lucentis®, Novartis) [42] and aflibercept (Eylea®, Regeneron/Bayer) [43] were approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2006 and 2011 respectively, and bevacizumab (Avastin®, Roche) is used off-label since 2005. While previous treatment strategies such as laser photocoagulation [44] and photodynamic therapy [45] with verteporfin resulted in slower vision loss than those without treatment [45], antiangiogenic therapy improved visual acuity for the first time [42,46]. However, the need for multiple injections, significant numbers of nonresponders, incident macular atrophy, and high costs limit the potential benefits of anti-VEGF therapy in the real-world setting [47] and have slowed its introduction in the developing world.