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Eclampsia and Pre-Eclampsia with Severe Features
Published in Sanjeewa Padumadasa, Malik Goonewardene, Obstetric Emergencies, 2021
Sanjeewa Padumadasa, Malik Goonewardene
Platelet count may drop until day three of postpartum, and in the absence of bleeding, does not require any treatment. Similarly, the liver enzymes may elevate on the first day or two after delivery. As pre-eclampsia is a risk factor for thromboembolic disease, thrombo-embolic deterrent stockings should be used. However, the use of low molecular weight heparin should be balanced against the risk of bleeding that may be present due to coagulopathy. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents as a form of postpartum analgesia should be avoided if there is acute kidney injury or coagulopathy.
Skin damage from environmental hazards
Published in Ronald Marks, Richard Motley, Common Skin Diseases, 2019
A common form of sweat rash is due to blockage of the sweat gland pores or ducts near the surface with swollen over-hydrated horn. The term miliaria crystallina is applied to the tiny, thin-walled vesicles that arise from blockage at the pore near the surface. In miliaria rubra, red, inflamed papules occur due to blockage lower down in the duct. In miliaria profunda, the blockage is deep down and large inflammatory swellings develop. The most effective treatment is to cool the patient with air conditioning and fans. Systemic antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents may be required.
Acetaminophen, Salicylates, and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
Published in Frank A. Barile, Barile’s Clinical Toxicology, 2019
In general, analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory agents are used in the household management of nonnarcotic relief of mild to moderate pain, for inflammation associated with a variety of rheumatic conditions, and for reduction of fever.
Reduction of systemic exposure and side effects by intra-articular injection of anti-inflammatory agents for osteoarthritis: what is the safer strategy?
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2023
Zuoxu Xie, Lu Wang, Jie Chen, Zicong Zheng, Songpol Srinual, Annie Guo, Rongjin Sun, Ming Hu
Symptomatic osteoarthritis pain is often associated with joint inflammation, so targeting inflammation might relieve both disease symptoms and disease progression in a subset of OA patients. According to the guidelines of pharmacological management, the use of anti-inflammatory agents is the only consensus among communities for managing OA pain. However, currently available anti-inflammatory prescriptions such as oral NSAIDs and IA corticosteroids have inevitable systemic and local side effects. Although various efforts have been made in developing IA NSAIDs formulation that can minimise systemic side effects by reducing systemic exposure, data from many PK studies have revealed that NSAIDs concentrations are higher than their IC50 value in systemic circulation for a long-time after IA injection. Therefore, there is a great need for developing not only effective but also safe medicines that can manage OA pain. To fulfil the unmet medical needs of OA patients, we propose a new therapy that combines the locally active drug (soft drug/antedrug) and a sustained-release formulation to treat OA safely in long-term use. This newly proposed therapy offers a continuous release of anti-inflammatory agents in the local joint while ensuring minimal systemic toxicity by inactivating the systemically exposed anti-inflammatory agents readily.
Inhibition of Posterior Capsule Opacification by Adenovirus-Mediated Delivery of Short Hairpin RNAs Targeting TERT in a Rabbit Model
Published in Current Eye Research, 2023
Na He, Xiangxiang Zhang, Peiling Xie, Jialing He, Zhigang Lv
Gene therapy, a promising therapeutic strategy, has developed dramatically in recent decades and is offering hope for the treatment of many previously untreated eye diseases, especially inherited blindness.24,25 In recent years, several gene therapy clinical trials have been conducted for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration,26 Leber hereditary optic neuropathy,27 Stargardt dystrophy,28 and choroideremia.29 The approval of Luxturna for the treatment of Leber’s congenital amaurosis in the United States is a landmark achievement in the development of gene therapy.30 Concerning the prevention of PCO, Bao et al. transfected a recombinant adenoviral vector carrying dominant-negative ubiquitin, which is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, into a rabbit model and found significant inhibition of LEC proliferation and reduction of PCO formation.31 In the present study, we also used recombinant adenovirus to deliver shRNA for gene silencing because the proliferation of LECs starts within 48 h after traumatic injury in rabbits, and adenoviruses can generate a more rapid onset of expression (at 48 h post-injection) than adeno-associated viruses. However, the strong immunogenicity of adenoviruses may cause inflammation of tissues, which was also observed in the present study. Therefore, we suggest that topical anti-inflammatory agents should be used for 4 weeks after surgery, as in this study.
Quantification of Inflammation Following Nd:YAG Laser Capsulotomy and Assessing the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Nepafenac 0.1% and Betamethasone 0.1%
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2021
Jitender Jinagal, Sabin Sahu, Gaurav Gupta, Surbhi Khurana, Rohit Gupta, Parul Chawla Gupta, Jagat Ram
Grading of anterior chamber inflammation can be done by slit lamp examination. Quantification of inflammation can be done by laser flare photometry. The only method which can measure intraocular inflammation reliably, accurately, and objectively is laser flare photometry13 without any inter-observer bias. Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy causes postoperative inflammation.14 The course and severity of inflammation after the procedure are not known much since it is hidden by topical corticosteroids, and subclinical inflammation cannot be measured accurately by slit lamp examination.14 Only few published studies have evaluated anterior chamber inflammation post Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy.12,14 To prevent postoperative inflammation-related complications, anti-inflammatory agents in the form of topical steroid and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been advised. However, there are not enough studies which clearly recommend the need for topical steroidal or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents after laser capsulotomy and their superiority over each other.