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Management of Diabetes and Hyperlipidaemia by Natural Medicines
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Pulok K. Mukherjee, Natural Medicines, 2019
Kalpana Bhaskaran, Ong Jing Ting, Tan Tengli
On the effects of ginseng on glucose levels, a study was conducted in 10 T2DM patients where they were administered with placebo, 3, 6 or 9 g of ground American ginseng root in capsules at 120, 80, 40 or 0 minutes before a 25-g oral glucose challenge. It was found that the treatment and not the time of administration significantly affected the postprandial glucose. They concluded that American Ginseng reduces postprandial glucose irrespective of dose and time of administration (Vuksan et al. 2000).
Ginseng in North America
Published in Joseph P. Hou, The Healing Power of Ginseng, 2019
The ginseng plant found in North America is commonly called American ginseng and is only slightly different from the one native to China. American ginseng is also called sang, red berry, and five fingers. Botanically, it is known as Panax quinquefolius Linn. of the Araliaceae family named by Linnaeus in 1753. It is a fleshy, rooted, perennial herbaceous plant.
Mode of Action of Selected Botanicals That Lower Blood Glucose
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Type 2 Diabetes, 2018
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
There are also clinical studies that reported that P. ginseng and North American ginseng improve glycemic control in Type 2 diabetes patients. For instance, the journal Archives of Internal Medicine published a study titled “American ginseng (P. quinquefolius L.) reduces postprandial glycemia in nondiabetic subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.” The aim of the study was to determine whether American ginseng (P. quinquefolius L) affects postprandial glycemia in humans.
Acute effects of combined Bacopa, American ginseng and whole coffee fruit on working memory and cerebral haemodynamic response of the prefrontal cortex: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2021
Talitha Best, Chantelle Clarke, Nathan Nuzum, Wei-Peng Teo
There is growing evidence that herbal extracts, such as Bacopa monniera (BM) and Panax quinquefolius ginseng (PQ: American ginseng) acutely enhance cognitive performance. Specifically, an acute study of BM showed change from baseline improvement on Stroop performance (a measure of attention) at 1 and 2 h post 640 mg dose of BM, and at 1 h post 320 mg BM dose compared to placebo in healthy adults [7]. However, no acute cognitive change was detected following 300 mg of BM, 2 h post dose [8]. The unknown pharmacodynamic effects of Bacopa absorption, and the role of active saponins (a form of polyphenol) Bacoside A, and Bacoside B in the central nervous system are areas for further research. In particular, complex dose x time effects of BM in cognitive challenging paradigms, following acute and chronic intake are still to be characterised. In contrast, administering American ginseng has been shown to improve working memory (WM) performance, with WM tasks differentially improved by a 200 mg dose (with time- and task-specific benefits associated with various doses) during acute testing. Also, tasks of attention have been shown to be significantly improved by 100 mg at 1, 2, 3 and 6 h post dose, and by 200 and 400 mg after 6 h [9].
Panax quinquefolium saponin liposomes prepared by passive drug loading for improving intestinal absorption
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2020
Bing Zhang, Wenli Pan, Yaxin Deng, Haibing He, Jingxin Gou, Yanjiao Wang, Yu Zhang, Tian Yin, Dongchun Liu, Xing Tang
American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.), a member of the Araliaceae family, which is an obligate shade perennial plant native to North America, has been widely used as a source of medicine in Eastern Asia and North America [1]. Panax quinquefolium saponin (PQS) is a saponin collection obtained by extracting from American ginseng plant, which is composed of pseudo-ginsenoside F11 (PF11), ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), ginsenoside Rg2 (Rg2), and ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), and the purity of PF11 is about 45%. PF11 is ocotillol-type ginsenoside, G-Rg1, G-Rg2, and G-Rg3 are dammarane-type ginsenosides, and as well dammarane includes protopanaxadiol (PPD) and protopanaxatriol (PPT) [2]. Specially, ocotillol-type ginsenosides which have a structure of tetracyclic triterpene with furan nucleus in the side chain are peculiar to American ginseng [3]. Ocotillol-type ginsenosides are similar to dammarane-type ginsenosides in the structure of the parent nucleus [4]. Respectively, the core chemical structures of dammarane-type ginsenosides and ocotillol-type ginsenosides are shown in Figure 1.
Ginseng and Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Mehdi Sadeghian, Sepideh Rahmani, Mohaddese Zendehdel, Seyed Ahmad Hosseini, Ahmad Zare Javid
The other study also by Barton et al. (15) (multisite RCT) assessed American ginseng. In their study, a large number (n = 364) of patients aged 55 years on average with different cancer types were randomly assigned to either the intervention group, receiving 2000 mg of American ginseng containing 3% ginsenosides, or placebo twice-daily (breakfast and lunch or noon time) for eight weeks. The net weight of ginsenosides used in this study was lower than in other trials. The patients in this study either received the cancer treatment or had completed treatment. Patients had to have experienced fatigue for 1 mo, or more before study entry and have been diagnosed with cancer within the past 2 years. Randomization was performed based on baseline fatigue, initial vs recurrent disease, current treatment with radiation and/or chemotherapy, hematologic vs solid tumor malignancy, and months of cancer treatment. Fatigue was improved in the ginseng group compared with the placebo group for the physical subscale and total score of the multidimensional fatigue symptom inventory short form (MFSI-SF) and the fatigue/inertia subscale of the profile of mood states (POMS). However, the BFI total score and activity interference were not significantly different between the arms. The authors repeated the analysis after dividing the subjects into two groups: those who were receiving cancer treatment and those who had completed treatment. The subgroup analysis showed that the subjects undergoing cancer therapy assigned to the ginseng arm had significant improvement in CRF at four and eight weeks compared with those in the placebo arm. However, no significant change was observed in patients who had completed treatment. Only five grade two toxicities with greater than one percent incidence were attributed to the study treatment including agitation (1%), anxiety (2%), insomnia (5%), nausea (3%), and vomiting (1%). Severe (grade 3) anxiety was only reported in one subject in both ginseng and placebo groups. These variables were not significantly different between arms per CTCAEs grading by study personnel.