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Medicinal Plants Against COVID-19
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Binish Khaliq, Naila Ali, Ahmed Akrem, M. Yasin Ashraf, Arif Malik, Arifa Tahir, M. Zia-Ul-Haq
Garlic is another herbal food medicine since ancient times. It was observed that fresh crushed garlic can be used with honey to enhance the immunity and also have the antimicrobial and antiviral activity. Cloves of garlic contain the several bioactive sulfur compounds, i.e., polyphenols, sulfoxide, and proteins [135, 151]. In some studies garlic show the positive significant effect on the immune cells, for example sulfur compounds such as allyl methyl sulfide, diallyl sulfide and diallyl disulfide showed the immunostimulatory reaction in mice [152]. Diallyl disulfide sulfur compound shows very good results as compared to other sulfur compounds. This compound increased the white blood cells (WBC) and antibody in mice. Sulfur containing compounds increased the quantity of spleen plaque forming cells, raised the cellularity of bone marrow and increased the positive cells of α-esterase. However, modulatory effects were observed on T lymphocyte and macrophage function by protein faction and garlic extract.
Garlic
Published in Robert E.C. Wildman, Richard S. Bruno, Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, 2019
Sharon A. Ross, Craig S. Charron
Lawson and Wang suggested that allicin absorption in humans is about 95%, although precision was limited because of the rapid metabolism and absence in the blood after consumption.31 The presence of allicin in blood is transient. Allicin is rapidly transformed in the liver to DADS and allyl mercaptan and, even when incubated in heparinized blood, is converted within 5 min to DADS.32,33 DADS can also be further transformed into AM, allyl methyl sulfide, allyl methyl sulfoxide, and allyl methyl sulphone.34
A comprehensive review of cytochrome P450 2E1 for xenobiotic metabolism
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2019
Jingxuan Chen, Sibo Jiang, Jin Wang, Jwala Renukuntla, Suman Sirimulla, Jianjun Chen
Diallyl sulfide (DAS), a flavor compound derived from garlic, is converted to diallyl sulfoxide and diallyl sulfone by CYP2E1 (Brady et al. 1991). Both DAS and the sulfoxide have been demonstrated to be competitive inhibitors of the enzyme, yet the sulfone is a suicide inhibitor of CYP2E1 (Yang et al. 2001). By selectively inhibiting CYP2E1 in hepatic VL-17A cells (Swaminathan et al. 2013), they are capable of inhibiting not only alcohol- and drug-mediated cellular toxicities but also HIV protein- and diabetes-mediated toxicities (Rao et al. 2015). However, DAS also induces apoptosis at a relatively high concentration (e.g. 100 μM) in human malignant neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells (Karmakar et al. 2007). Recently, diallyl ether and allyl methyl sulfide have been demonstrated to have higher efficacy and lower toxicity than DAS (Ki = 3.1, 4.4, and 6.3 μM, respectively; IC50 = 6.3, 11.4, and 17.3 μM, respectively) (Rahman et al. 2017). Other DAS analogs, such as thiophene, 2-prop-2-enoxyacetamide, were also suggested as CYP2E1 inhibitors. These compounds are used as tools for both in vitro and in vivo studies involving CYP2E1 inhibition, especially for examining xenobiotic-induced toxicity and disease pathogenesis mediated by CYP2E1 (Rahman et al. 2018).
Allyl methyl sulfide, a garlic active component mitigates hyperglycemia by restoration of circulatory antioxidant status and attenuating glycoprotein components in streptozotocin-induced experimental rats
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2019
Kathiroli Sujithra, Subramani Srinivasan, Dhananjayan Indumathi, Veerasamy Vinothkumar
The most commonly prescribed therapeutic agents including the use of oral hypoglycemics and insulin injections have limitations of their own. Taking into account the increased life expectancy of modern society, the priority of current research is to search for therapeutic and preventive strategies that may slow down the processes contributing to diabetes mellitus and facilitates management of diabetes related complications (Tong and Adler 2018). In this regard, several studies specify that dietary supplementation with antioxidant nutrients may be a safe and gaining more attention as free radical prevention and treating diabetic complications. Garlic (Allium sativum) is a widely used herb with many culinary and medicinal uses dating back to antiquity and has been experimentally proven to have antidiabetic potential (Hou et al. 2015). Investigation has explored that organosulfur compounds are the key bioactive elements accountable for the beneficial effects garlic. Allyl methyl sulfide (AMS), a bioactive organosulfur compound found in garlic, is reported to modulate disease states such as cancer and infection (Wargovich 2006; Becker et al. 2012). Keeping these points in mind, the current study was undertaken to systematically examine the efficacy of AMS on antioxidant defense system and redox status in plasma and we also sought to explore the antiglycation activity of AMS and mediated through its potential role on plasma and tissue glycoprotein components. We specifically assumed that insulin secretagogue action might be due to improvement in glucose transporter 2 (GLUT 2) in pancreas of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced experimental rats.
Intake of New Zealand Blackcurrant Powder Affects Skin-Borne Volatile Organic Compounds in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2022
M. E. T. Willems, M. Todaka, M. Banic, M. D. Cook, Y. Sekine
Allyl methyl sulfide was reduced by the intake of NZBC powder. Allyl methyl sulfide is a bioactive compound derived from garlic (Castro et al. 2010) that can be measured as a skin VOC following garlic intake (Sato et al. 2020) and is suggested to have antioxidant effects in combination with other organosulfur compounds (Fanelli et al. 1998). However, the implication of the decrease in allyl methyl sulfide by intake of NZBC powder is not clear, but it may affect body odor.