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Plant-Based Compounds as Alternative Adjuvant Therapy for Multidrug-Resistant Cancer
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Phytomedicine, 2020
E. C. Aniogo, Blassan P. George, Heidi Abrahamse
Foods such as cruciferous and Allium genus vegetables like onions, garlic, etc. are high in sulfur compounds. These compounds have shown to exert diverse biological effects, like: free radical scavenging and detoxification activity, inhibition of DNA and tumor cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and the ultimate cell death (Moriarty et al. 2007). Evidence supports the protective effects of garlic in stomach, colorectal, and breast cancer in humans that appear to be associated with the presence of organosulfur compounds. The predominantly allyl derivatives in these compounds have also shown inhibitory effects against esophagus, colon, mammary gland, and lung carcinogenesis in experimental animals (Omar and Al-Wabel 2010).
Drug-Induced Abnormalities of Liver Heme Biosynthesis
Published in Robert G. Meeks, Steadman D. Harrison, Richard J. Bull, Hepatotoxicology, 2020
2-Allyl-2-isopropylacetamide is not the only unsaturated drug capable of converting the heme of cytochrome P450 into green pigments. Several other drugs containing a side chain with a terminal double bond have been shown to be similarly effective (including allyl-barbiturates used therapeutically in humans, Levin et al., 1973) and, in addition, drugs containing an unsaturated acetylenic triple bond, among these the ethynyl-substituted steroids of the contraceptive pill (White and Muller-Eberhard, 1977; White, 1978, 1981). The simplest unsaturated compounds of both the alkene and alkyne series, ethylene and acetylene themselves (Figure 3b and c), were also active. A list of the unsaturated compounds capable of destroying cytochrome P450 and a more detailed coverage of the metabolism of these compounds and mechanisms of heme destruction can be found in Ortiz de Montellano and Correia (1983), White (1984), and De Matteis (1987), where additional references to the work summarized below are also given.
Garlic
Published in Robert E.C. Wildman, Richard S. Bruno, Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, 2019
Sharon A. Ross, Craig S. Charron
The in vivo pharmacokinetics of allyl sulfur compounds have been studied. Lachmann et al.30 reported the distribution of allicin and vinyldithiines in the form of an oil macerate of the 35S-labeled substance in rats. Overall, the absorption and the elimination of 35S-alliin was faster than for other garlic constituents, with maximum blood levels reached within the first 10 min after exposure. Alliin elimination from the blood was almost complete after 6 h. Maximum blood concentrations of 35S-allicin were not reached until 30 to 60 min after treatment, and for vinyldithiines, the maximum was not achieved until 120 min. Both allicin and vinyldithiines were present in blood at the end of their 72-h study. Urinary excretion suggested an absorption rate approximating 65% for allicin and 73% for vinyldithiines.
Synthetic biodegradable polyesters for implantable controlled-release devices
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
Jinal U. Pothupitiya, Christy Zheng, W. Mark Saltzman
Polyvalerolactone (PVL) is a polyester with a similar structure to PCL, but with one less carbon in the polymer repeating unit. PVL has comparable properties to PCL, with a Tg and Tm of −67°C and 59°C, respectively [157]. However, PVL has been reported to exhibit superior degradation properties compared to PCL of similar molecular weight [147]. Compared to PLGA and PLA, PVL exhibits lower burst and slower drug release [75,76]. The mechanical properties of PVL and PCL are dictated mostly by their molecular weight. Reports indicate the successful polymerization of allyl substituted VL to yield poly(allyl)valerolactone (PVAL) [158]. The introduction of this functionality to the structure of valerolactone further introduces tunable properties compared to its unsubstituted analog [159]. Due to these superior properties of PVL, there has been interest to use PVL either as a homopolymer in place of PCL or in combination with other polyesters in developing biodegradable implants [75,160].
Surgical Procedures Required for Measurement Reduce Nerve Conduction Velocity: An In Vivo and In Vitro Comparative Study
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Haydar Ali Erken, Gülten Erken, Arzu Yay, Özge Göktepe
In a previous study, in vivo and in vitro methods were compared in rats treated with allyl chloride (AC). It was observed that although the in vivo NCV recording was a more sensitive indicator for the detection of AC intoxication, the CAP amplitude recording in vitro was a more precise indicator [21]. The NCV findings of this previous study correlated with those in the current study; however, the CAP amplitude values were contradictory. A possible reason is that the electrodes used for both methods in the previous study [21] may have been constructed from different materials. In our previous preliminary studies, it was observed that differing electrode materials affected the measurement results. Therefore, both electrodes used in the current study were made of platinum.
Glutamate-urea-based PSMA-targeted PLGA nanoparticles for prostate cancer delivery of docetaxel
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2021
Fateme Saniee, Nazanin Shabani Ravari, Navid Goodarzi, Mohsen Amini, Fatemeh Atyabi, Ebrahim Saeedian Moghadam, Rassoul Dinarvand
The characteristic peaks at 5.80–5.90 and 5.10–5.30 ppm belongs to the allylic proton (3 × CH and 3 × CH2). The –CH proton of PLGA overlapped with allylic proton moiety that was observed at 5.10–5.30 ppm. The peak at 3.50 ppm shows the –CH2 proton of polyethylene glycol. The methyl group of PLGA segment was presented at 1.50 ppm. Remaining proton of PGUL appeared as expected according to the previous 1H-NMR spectrum of PGUL (Section 3.2). The allyl groups were removed using Pd(PPh3)4 and morpholine following the reported procedure(Zale 2013). The structure of de-protected product was confirmed by 1H-NMR. In the NMR spectrum of 7, there was no peaks at 5.80–5.90 ppm. Other peaks matched with the structure of compound 7 that has been reported in previous section. The attachment ratio of ligand to amine group of PEG was 55.1%.