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Histological Study in Orthopaedic Animal Research
Published in Yuehuei H. An, Richard J. Friedman, Animal Models in Orthopaedic Research, 2020
Helen E. Gruber, Audrey A. Stasky
Many bone labelling agents are available.8 The commonly used tetracyclines for humans (Achromycin, Declomycin, oxytetracycline) can readily be used for bone labelling in animal models. Other agents, such as alizarin red S, can also be used.8-10 Most tetracycline antibiotics form stable tetracycline-calcium chelates which fluoresce intensely at wavelengths readily obtained with the standard fluorescent microscope. These chelates form only at sites of new bone deposition where the bone contains 20% or less of the maximum mineral content.11 These chelates are locked into bone during further mineralization and remain in the bone until it is later resorbed by osteoclasts. Tetracyclines also mark the mineralization front in calcifying cartilage. By use of two different tetracyclines which fluoresce different colors, first and final labels can be distinguished in bone forming sites which show only one label incorporation. Such sites either stopped forming after incoiporating the first label, or started forming just before administration of the final label.
ExperimentaL Oral Medicine
Published in Samuel Dreizen, Barnet M. Levy, Handbook of Experimental Stomatology, 2020
Samuel Dreizen, Barnet M. Levy
Ziskin and Applebaum10 studied the action of thyroidectomy and of thyroid stimulation on the growing permanent dentition of the rhesus monkey. The study group was comprised of ten females distributed as follows: five thyroidectomized, two castrated and thyroidectomized, three normal injected with a thyrotropic hormone. Each was given two or more injections of alizarin red S preexperimentally, followed by one to three injections i.p. during the study period of 10 and 100 days.
Postnatal Bone Growth: Some Methods of Assessment
Published in D. Dixon Andrew, A.N. Hoyte David, Ronning Olli, Fundamentals of Craniofacial Growth, 2017
The use of alizarin red S or any vital stain in the study of growth of bone has both advantages and disadvantages. After one injection of the dye, several red lines may be found in a ground section of bone. This can be a result of either deposition of the dye at the same time in several areas of active calcification or the improper plane of section of a bone. Because resorption may lead to the removal of stained bone, vital staining will give incomplete data on the pattern of bone formation.
Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 sponges miR-30c to promote the calcification of human vascular smooth muscle cells by regulating Runx2
Published in Renal Failure, 2023
Ying Gong, Qing Zhong, Yunfeng Xia, Yang Wen, Hua Gan
Ten days after culture, Alizarin red S staining and quantification of cell calcium content were performed. For Alizarin red S staining, cultured VSMCs were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde solution for 20 min at room temperature, washed with PBS three times, and stained with 1% Alizarin Red S solution (pH = 4.2) for 30 min at 37 °C. After staining, samples were washed with PBS and then observed under an inverted microscope. To quantify Ca2+ content of the cultured VSMCs, ultrasonic decomposition was performed after adding deionized water; next, supernatant was collected after centrifugation. Detection reagents from a commercial calcium assay kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Biotechnology Institute, Nanjing, China) were then added to supernatant following the manufacturer’s instructions. The OD value (detected at 610 nm) and protein concentration of samples measured using a BCA kit (Wanleibio, Shenyang, China) were used to determine the cell calcium content.
Development of Cu-doped NiO nanoscale material as efficient photocatalyst for visible light dye degradation
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Bibi Hameeda, Ayesha Mushtaq, Muhammad Saeed, Akhtar Munir, Uzma Jabeen, Amir Waseem
To investigate the effect of pH on dye degradation, 50 mg/l of the dye solution (100 ml) and 25 mg of catalyst dose were taken, and pH was adjusted to the desired value by using 0.1 M NaOH or 0.1 M HCl solution and irradiated under the visible light for 15 min. The pH of suspension was varied in the range of 3–9 in order to study its effect on photocatalytic degradation of dye. The results are graphically presented and it is found that rate of photodegradation of alizarin red S increases with increase in pH, where maximum degradation was observed at pH 7 (Figure 5(b)). In addition, the photodegradation rates also depend on the pH of the solution under study. Various studies have been reported earlier showing variety of pH conditions, e.g. aromatic amino compounds were photodegraded in acidic to slightly alkaline medium using TiO2 as catalyst, similarly EDTA solution was found better photodegraded at pH of 4 (Preis et al.1997, Kabra et al.2004). However, in another study, a pH independent photodegradation of nitrotoluenes was also suggested (Kumar and Davis 1997). It was observed earlier that the OH radical formation at pH 6.7 was high as compared to higher pH values during a photooxidation reaction using TiO2 (Nakabayashi and Nosaka 2015). It was suggested earlier that, at lower pH (pH∼3), the direct hole oxidation occurs mainly, whereas at higher pH, hydroxyl-radical-like reaction is expected, following rate-limiting hole oxidation of surface hydroxyls using TiO2 as photocatalyst for the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyectic acid (Sun and Pignatello 1995).
Osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation potential of dental pulp stem cells isolated from inflamed dental pulp tissues (I-DPSCs) by two different methods
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2020
Vellore Kannan Gopinath, S. Soumya, Manju Nidagodu Jayakumar
Calcium mineral quantification was done by Alizarin Red S based on a protocol previously reported [28]. Briefly, 800 µl of 10% (v/v) acetic acid was added to all the wells and were incubated for 30 min at room temperature with gentle shaking for extracting the dye. The cell layer was scraped off using a cell scraper and the extracted dye in acetic acid was transferred to a 1.5 ml Eppendorf tube. The samples were vortexed for 30 s and were heated at 85 °C for 10 min and further cooled down by transferring the samples to ice for 5 min. The samples were then centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 15 min and the supernatant was removed to a new 1.5 ml vial. The neutralization of acid was done by adding 200 µL of ammonium hydroxide (10% (v/v)) to the supernatant collected. 100–150 µL of the supernatant was then transferred to a 96 well plate to measure the optical density at 405 nm in a microplate spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific™ Multiskan™ GO Microplate Spectrophotometer).