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Nutraceutical Herbs and Insulin Resistance
Published in Robert E.C. Wildman, Richard S. Bruno, Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, 2019
Giuseppe Derosa, Pamela Maffioli
Many edible mushrooms and traditional plants have been widely screened for use as remedies for natural products for the control of diabetes. Agaricus blazei is a common mushroom in South America and Asia, and has been widely used in traditional medicine as a remedy for certain types of cancers and diabetes.7–9 In Asia, including the Republic of Korea, fruiting bodies of Agaricus blazei have a considerable reputation as a potent remedy for diabetes mellitus. A preliminary study in our laboratory showed that dried culture broth from submerged cultures of Agaricus blazei inhibits α-glucosidase activity in vitro and exhibits hypoglycemic action in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. However, the molecule responsible for the hypoglycemic response, free of β-glucans and glycoproteins, is not known. Dietary supplementation with an extract of Agaricus blazei Murill has a protective effect against obesity induced by a high-fat diet. This is not due to decreased food intake but to increases in both energy expenditure and locomotor activity (especially during the dark period, which is when rodents are active), as well as decreases in pancreatic lipase activity within jejunum. As a result of the decreased body weight gain and fat mass, both plasma insulin and leptin concentrations are back to normal values.10
Phytochemical constitutes and biological activities of essential oil extracted from irradiated caraway seeds (Carum carvi L.)
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Amina Aly, Rabab Maraei, Ahmed Rezk, Ayman Diab
It is noted that γ-irradiation-induced increase of phenolic and flavonoid contents compared to the controls that gave the lowest contents and there was a gradual increase by increasing the irradiation dose level, whereas the 10 kGy dose level gave the highest value of them followed by 5 kGy (11.20 and 5.86 mg/g oil, respectively). The current findings are consistent with those of Al-Kuraieefa and Alshawia (2020) and Aly et al. (2016) who indicated that γ-irradiation processing (5–15 kGy) raised the phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of thyme and Moringa oleifera, respectively. The induction of a chemical reaction that degraded the big molecules to smaller ones might be responsible for the increase in phenolic content. Therefore, the irradiation procedure may assist the utilization of thyme as a preservation constituent in the foodstuff and pharmaceutical industries. Also, Douar-Latreche et al. (2018) showed that the total phenolic content was highly elevated at the dose of 10 kGy in Thymus algeriensis essential oil. On the contrary, some studies observed no considerable alteration in the phenolic content among the control and γ-irradiated samples at 20 kGy dosages for Agaricus blazei (Huang and Mau 2007). Antioxidant compounds are essential as they can prevent tissue damage and protect the body from diseases caused by free radicals by preventing the formation of free radicals, scavenging them, or promoting their decomposition (Mahboubi 2019). The antioxidant potential of essential oil depends on its composition.
Agaricus blazei extract abrogates rotenone-induced dopamine depletion and motor deficits by its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties in Parkinsonic mice
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2018
Veerappan Venkatesh Gobi, Srinivasagam Rajasankar, Muthu Ramkumar, Chinnasamy Dhanalakshmi, Thamilarasan Manivasagam, Arokiasamy Justin Thenmozhi, Musthafa Mohamed Essa, Ranganathan Chidambaram, Ameer Kalandar
Agaricus blazei Murill (A. blazei), an edible mushroom, is used as folk medicine for the treatment of leukemia, cancer, and hypertension,11 which are mainly attributed to the presence and actions of numerous active compounds such as β-D-glucans, glycoproteins, tannins, saponins, steroids, polysaccharides, ergosterol, and fatty acids. Oral administration of A. blazei offered protection against experimentally induced cerebral malaria12 and paracetamol injury13 by virtue of its anti-oxidant, mitochondrial shielding, and anti-inflammatory properties. A previous study14 reported that aqueous extracts of A. blazei stimulated the antioxidant defenses against oxidative stress induced in brain and liver of rats due to aging. Moreover clinical studies involving the healthy individuals fed with A. blazei showed a significant reduction in the levels of cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-17.15 Based on the above literature, the present study focused on the neuroprotective role of A. blazei extract against rotenone-induced motor deficits, neurochemical alteration, oxidative stress, and the expression of dopaminergic and inflammatory indices in mice.
Agaricus blazei extract attenuates rotenone-induced apoptosis through its mitochondrial protective and antioxidant properties in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2018
Veerappan Venkatesh Gobi, Srinivasagam Rajasankar, Muthu Ramkumar, Chinnasamy Dhanalakshmi, Thamilarasan Manivasagam, Arokiasamy Justin Thenmozhi, Musthafa Mohamed Essa, Ranganathan Chidambaram
There is a rich history of the use of natural products and their active compounds in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including PD. The mushrooms have been generally considered as functional foods and reported to possess various pharmacological properties due to the presence of the active components such as the β-glucans, terpenes, phenolics, steroids, and nucleosides.17,18Agaricus blazei Murrill (A. blazei), popularly known as sun mushroom, has been subject of great interest due to its nutritional value and having pharmacological properties against various diseases including cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolaemia, and cardiac diseases.19,20 It is rich in various antioxidant compounds including gallic acid, syringic acid, pyrogallol, and also polysaccharides.21,22 It is also reported to contain more amounts of nucleosides and nucleotides, adenosine etc.,23 which are able to exert neuroprotective actions.24,25