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Cancer Biology and Genetics for Non-Biologists
Published in Trevor F. Cox, Medical Statistics for Cancer Studies, 2022
When chemotherapy is given after surgery to remove a tumour or part of the tumour, it is called adjuvant chemotherapy. When chemotherapy is given before surgery, in order to shrink the tumour first, it is called neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Chemotherapy in pregnancy
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Adjuvant chemotherapy for the treatment of ovarian cancer currently includes the use of a platinum and a taxane, such as carboplatin and paclitaxel. The use of a platinum with paclitaxel has been reported in pregnancy with normal growth and development in infants and children at follow-up (24,25).
Esophageal Cancer
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Jennifer Kahan, Carys Morgan, Kieran Foley, Thomas Crosby
There are no randomized trials exploring the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy (vs. surgery alone) in patients with esophageal or junctional AC, although a benefit has been suggested by a few non-randomized studies97 and a large retrospective analysis.98 There are studies of differing adjuvant chemotherapy regimens.
Clinical profile and management outcomes of lacrimal drainage system malignancies
Published in Orbit, 2022
Md. Shahid Alam, Bipasha Mukherjee, Subramanian Krishnakumar
Seven patients (50%) underwent wide local excision and three (21.4%) underwent dacryocystectomy (DCT). Three patients (21.4%) required exenteration of which two underwent primary exenteration while one required exenteration following a recurrence of the mass. Two (14.2%) cases were treated primarily with radiotherapy. A total of six (42.8%) patients were advised radiotherapy as another four were administered adjuvant radiation. Adjuvant chemotherapy was given to two patients. Two patients underwent more than one surgery because of recurrence. Thirteen tumors (92.8%) were of epithelial origin (Figure 4a-c) while one was a case of small B cell lymphoma (Figure 4d). The most common histology was transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in 4 (28.5%) cases while three (21.4%) patients had mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) two (14.2%) were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and one each had mucin secreting adenocarcinoma, recurrent SGC, poorly differentiated carcinoma, apocrine adenocarcinoma and small B cell lymphoma. Local recurrence was seen in 4 (28.5%) cases, two of which were TCC. Two patients had lymph node metastasis to submandibular and preauricular nodes. One of these patients had TCC while the other one was a case of eyelid SGC which had a recurrence in the lacrimal sac. One patient with TCC had a metastatic lesion to the angle of the jaw. Four patients (28.5%) in our series did not review after tumor resection. The mean duration of follow up was 40.7±25.1 months (Median 26; Range 4–131). Four patients (28.5%) were alive at 5 years of follow up.
Colorectal cancer management: strategies in drug delivery
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
Prabha Singh, Pramita Waghambare, Tabassum Asif Khan, Abdelwahab Omri
Adjuvant chemotherapy is given after surgery with an objective to kill any cancerous cells that could have been left behind during surgery as that might have escaped from the main tumor and settled in other parts of the body but are too small to be observed in imaging tests. This reduces the chances of recurrence of cancer. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy is given before surgery to shrink the cancerous cells, making it easier to remove during surgery, this approach is often used in the treatment of rectal cancer. For advanced metastatic cancers, chemotherapy can be used to shrink tumors [19,20]. Table 2 illustrates the common synthetic drugs used in the treatment of CRC along with their mechanism of action.
Clinical outcome of decompressing colostomy for acute left-sided colorectal obstruction: a consecutive series of 100 patients
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2022
Jelle F. Huisman, Job W. A. de Haas, Richard M. Brohet, Frank P. Vleggaar, Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Henderik L. van Westreenen
Colonic decompression was achieved by creating a blowhole or loop colostomy. Both techniques were used based upon the severity of the distension of the colon or the preference of the surgeon. With the blowhole colostomy, a small incision in the right upper-abdomen and the transverse colon was made. The opened colonic wall was fixed at skin level with absorbable sutures. Using the loop colostomy technique, a transverse colon loop was lifted above the skin and a plastic rod was passed underneath it. The colon was opened and fixed with absorbable sutures. All patients received enteral feeding as soon as possible after surgery. Eligibility for subsequent elective resection was discussed in the colorectal multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting. Standard workup consisted of sigmoidoscopy with biopsies, in case of malignancy thoracic and abdominal CT and rectal MRI in case of a rectal malignancy. Patients received neo-adjuvant (chemo)-radiotherapy, resection of liver metastasis or hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) if indicated according to national guidelines. Elective resection was preferably performed laparoscopically with primary anastomosis construction. Adjuvant chemotherapy was given if indicated depending on tumor stage, patient preference and comorbidity. Colostomy closure was performed in the same procedure if deemed safe by the operating surgeon.