China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Nutritional and Medicinal Benefits of Ficus carica
Published in Mehwish Iqbal, Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity, 2023
Free radicals are responsible for causing damage to all cellular constituents, including lipids, proteins and DNA, while the damage to the cells in the regular state of redox can give rise to toxic outcomes by means of the synthesis of peroxides (Lobo et al., 2010). There has been a rising interest in utilising strong antioxidants for therapeutic reasons, specifically for the metabolic disorders associated with oxidative stress (Giustarini et al., 2009). The greater antioxidant activity of the various bioactive constituents in the alcoholic extract of Ficus carica fruit also confirmed that it is a possible source of antioxidants with free radical scavenging properties. The malic acid, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural and 2,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl- 2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one are known constituents in figs and have been stated as strong antioxidants in a number of current and previous research studies (Li et al., 2015; Yoshikoshi et al., 1996).
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Published in Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
At least one study has indicated concerns regarding the heating of high-fructose corn syrup. In a study looking at the effect of feeding high-fructose corn syrup to bees as a honey replacement, it was noted that the heating of high-fructose corn syrup created a toxin called hydroxymethylfurfural, which is highly toxic to honey bees (LeBlanc et al., 2009). In a more recent article, the authors reviewed the effects of HMF from heating honey and other foods containing sugar molecules, including fruits and vegetables, and noted that there are both detrimental and health-promoting benefits when applying heat to certain foods (Shapla, Solayman, Alam, Khalil, and Gan 2018).
Choerospondias axillaris (Hog plum)
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Wild Plants, 2020
The fruits are sour in taste. The content of total organic acids is in significant amounts, upto 8.13% (Liu and Chen 2000). The fresh pulps of fruits are light yellow in color, but on storage it slowly turns into yellow-brown. The browning index and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural content kept positive correlation with temperature and storage period. Reducing ascorbic acid and total polyphenol content was negatively associated with temperature and storage period. Under the conditions of low temperature, reducing ascorbic acid oxidation was the major browning reaction. When the system temperature rose to 30ºC, Maillard reaction was the chief factor that caused browning (Yu et al. 2013).
Mechanisms underlying priapism in sickle cell disease: targeting and key innovations on the preclinical landscape
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2020
Biljana Musicki, Arthur L. Burnett
Strategies to decrease hypoxia and hypoxia-induced HIF-1α in SCD are also attractive. They may prevent red blood cell sickling and vascular damage, as well as excessive accumulation of adenosine and opiorphins in the penis. Indeed, decreased HIF-1α in the penis of SCD mice reduced priapism, as discussed above [7,67]. Preventing polymerization of HbS prevents hypoxia. Hb polymerization occurs only in the deoxygenated state under hypoxic conditions. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5HMF) is an aromatic aldehyde that binds to HbS and increases its oxygen affinity thereby preventing polymerization under hypoxic conditions. Voxelotor (previously GBT440) also increases Hb‐oxygen affinity, thereby reducing HbS polymerization and sickling of red blood cells [96]. The effect of these drugs in reducing HbS polymerization and affecting SCD-associated priapism should be tested in human or animal studies.
Molecular investigation to RNA and protein based interaction induced in vivo biocompatibility of phytofabricated AuNP with embryonic zebrafish
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Suresh K. Verma, Ealisha Jha, Pritam Kumar Panda, Puja Kumari, Nandini Pramanik, Shalini Kumari, Arun Thirumurugan
Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles termed as CAuNP was done by reduction and stabilization of HAuCl4 using floral extract of C. gigantea as reducing and stabilizing agent. UV light was used to facilitate the reduction process as shown in Figure 1. Red color solution was observed after the reaction which indicated towards the formation of CAuNP. Feasible bioactive molecules present in floral extract for the synthesis of CAuNP were investigated using GCMS. GC chromatogram of floral extract showed 10 distinct peaks at different retention time as shown in Figure 2(A).The probable biomolecules corresponding to the peaks were found to be compounds like 5-hydroxymethyl furfural and 4H-pyran-4one,2–3dihydro,3–5,dihydroxy-6-methyl as listed in Table 1. While comparing the before (Figure 2(A)) and after synthesis (Figure 2(B)) floral extract chromatogram, peaks corresponding to retention time of 3.482 min and 4.077 min were found to be shifted and diminished indicating towards the utilization of those biomolecules in CAuNP formation.
Benchmark dose (BMD) modeling: current practice, issues, and challenges
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2018
Lynne T. Haber, Michael L. Dourson, Bruce C. Allen, Richard C. Hertzberg, Ann Parker, Melissa J. Vincent, Andrew Maier, Alan R. Boobis
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a flavoring agent that has been evaluated by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA 2011). This authority developed a BMD of 29.5 mg/kg/d and its lower limit (BMDL) of 20.2 mg/kg/d based on renal tubule epithelium cytoplasmic alterations in male mice observed in a 90-day oral gavage study of NTP (2010) as shown in Table 6. EFSA conducted BMD modeling with the PROAST version 27.4 (RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands) statistical package utilizing all PROAST models (i.e. the “standard dichotomous models” of BMDS). EFSA concluded that all models provided an acceptable fit to the data; therefore, the lowest BMDL was selected as the point of departure, consistent with the EFSA (2009) and (2017) guidance. Figure 10 shows the plot of the chosen model.