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Selected Functional Foods That Combat the Effects of Hyperglycemia and Chronic Inflammation
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Type 2 Diabetes, 2018
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
Some tea bags are treated with epichlorohydrin to prevent them from disintegrating or tearing. Epichlorohydrin is mainly used in the production of epoxy resins, and when it comes in contact with water, it breaks down to 3-MCPD, a known carcinogen that has also been linked to infertility and suppressed immune function. According to the Institute of Food Science and Technology (UK) Issues Statement on 3-MCPD, 25 March 2003, its presence in foodstuffs should be reduced to undetectable level (http://www.food navigator.com/Science/IFST-issues-statement-on-3-MCPD).
Selected Functional Foods That Combat Inflammation
Published in Robert Fried, Lynn Nezin, Evidence-Based Proactive Nutrition to Slow Cellular Aging, 2017
Some tea bags are treated with epichlorohydrin to prevent them from disintegrating or tearing. Epichlorohydrin is mainly used in the production of epoxy resins and when it comes in contact with water, it breaks down to 3-MCPD, a known carcinogen that has also been linked to infertility and suppressed immune function. According to the Institute of Food Science and Technology (UK) Issues Statement on 3-MCPD, on 25 March 2003, its presence in food stuffs should be reduced to an undetectable level (http://www.foodnavigator.com/Science/IFST-issues-statement-on-3-MCPD).
Benchmark dose (BMD) modeling: current practice, issues, and challenges
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2018
Lynne T. Haber, Michael L. Dourson, Bruce C. Allen, Richard C. Hertzberg, Ann Parker, Melissa J. Vincent, Andrew Maier, Alan R. Boobis
3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) is a contaminant formed primarily through the refining of edible oils. Five groups of investigators (Hwang et al. 2009; Abraham et al. 2012; Rietjens et al. 2012; EFSA 2016; JECFA 2016, 2017) used the BMD approach to derive a tolerable daily intake (TDI) for 3-MCPD. In light of differences from the JECFA assessment and the updated EFSA (2017) guidance on BMD modeling, EFSA conducted an updated assessment of 3-MCPD (EFSA 2018). All of these groups based their TDIs on the same study (Cho et al. 2008), which reported kidney hyperplasia (Table 3) at a lower dose than the only other chronic study reporting non-neoplastic effect levels (Sunahara et al. 1993)10. In the one difference regarding the input data, Rietjens et al. (2012) pooled the incidence of kidney hyperplasia in males in both the Cho et al. (2008) and Sunahara et al. (1993) studies as well as the females in the Sunahara study for their analysis, because there was no significant difference in the dose-response of these groups. Despite the use of (mostly) the same input data, the resulting BMDLs identified as PODs by these five groups of investigators differ by more than 10-fold (Table 4).
Acrylamide in foods: from regulation and registered levels to chromatographic analysis, nutritional relevance, exposure, mitigation approaches, and health effects
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Mónica Quesada-Valverde, Graciela Artavia, Fabio Granados-Chinchilla, Carolina Cortés-Herrera
Several new tactics to exposure assessment have been explored, especially those involving biomarkers, physiologically based kinetic modeling-facilitated reverse dosimetry, and/or duplicate diet studies (Rietjens et al.2018). Of late, increased interest has been given to this research, accurately assessing consumer exposure and closing existing data gaps, especially for food contaminants formed during processing [e.g. ACR, 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) esters, glycidyl esters, furan, and acrolein].