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DRCOG OSCE for Circuit C Questions
Published in Una F. Coales, DRCOG: Practice MCQs and OSCEs: How to Pass First Time three Complete MCQ Practice Exams (180 MCQs) Three Complete OSCE Practice Papers (60 Questions) Detailed Answers and Tips, 2020
Miss James is a 27-year-old woman who complains of amenorrhoea for 6 months and weight gain. Her urine ß-hCG is negative. You arrange for serum hormonal levels and are presented with the following results: Oestradiol: 350 pmol l-1FSH: 5 IU l-1LH: 15 IU l-1Testosterone: 5 nmol l-11. What is the most likely diagnosis? (1 mark)
Short-Lived Positron Emitting Radionuclides
Published in Frank Helus, Lelio G. Colombetti, Radionuclides Production, 2019
The in vivo investigation of estrogen receptors in hormone sensitive tumors is one of the aims for the preparation of 11C-steroids. With 11C-acetylene as precursor 11C-labeled 17α-ethynylestradiol and its 17β-methoxy derivative moxestrol are prepared.90,243 The addition of 11CH3Li to 17-keto steroids was used for the preparation of 11C-labeled 17α-methylestradiol, 17α-methy 1-testosterone, and 17α-methylestradiol 3-methyl ether.244
Prohormones
Published in Linda M. Castell, Samantha J. Stear (Nottingham), Louise M. Burke, Nutritional Supplements in Sport, Exercise and Health, 2015
Richard Baskerville, Douglas S. King
The term strictly refers to any post-translational peptide that is cleaved by convertases into a bioactive hormone. The use within commercial dietary supplements refers to androgenic precursors of testosterone which become enzymatically activated after ingestion and colloquially also refers to the non-precursor testosterone analogues, 1-testosterone and prostanzanol.
Acute effects of para-chloroamphetamine on testosterone and markers of apoptosis in seminiferous epithelium of prepubertal male rats
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2022
Cindy Rivas, Maribel Flores, Julio Pérez, Eloir Gallegos, Mario Cárdenas, María Elena Ayala, Andrés Aragón
LH (Marathe et al. 1995), FSH (Pareek et al. 2007; 'O'Shaughnessy 2014), and testosterone (Russell et al. 1987; Ruwanpura et al. 2010) are survival and differentiation factors of male germ cells. In our study, the concentration of LH and FSH did not change after administering pCA, indicating that the increased number of TUNEL-positive germ cells in pCA-treated rats is related to the low levels of testosterone. The mechanism that links pCA–testosterone–germ cell positive to markers of apoptosis is unknown. However, several factors suggest an oxidative damage mechanism: (1) testosterone depresses resistance to oxidative stress (Jeremy et al. 2021; Mohammadzadeh et al. 2021) and (2) oxidative damage contributes to amphetamine-induced toxicity, which leads to the death of neural and pulmonary cells (Andreazza et al. 2008; Chen et al. 2017). Thus, the DNA damage observed as an increase in germ cells positive to TUNEL could indirectly effect oxidant stress induced by pCA and the dysregulation of testosterone secretion.
International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health Clinical Practice Guideline for the Use of Systemic Testosterone for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Women
Published in Climacteric, 2021
Sharon J. Parish, James A. Simon, Susan R. Davis, Annamaria Giraldi, Irwin Goldstein, Sue W. Goldstein, Noel N. Kim, Sheryl A. Kingsberg, Abraham Morgentaler, Rossella E. Nappi, Kwangsung Park, Cynthia A. Stuenkel, Abdulmaged M. Traish, Linda Vignozzi
One 4-year open-label extension of two 6-month clinical trials of 300 μg/day transdermal testosterone patch in 967 women with oophorectomy treated with concomitant estrogen therapy showed no increase in the rate of serious adverse events [114]. A phase 3 cardiovascular and breast safety RCT of 1% testosterone transdermal gel, 300 μg daily was undertaken in 2008 and enrolled 3,656 postmenopausal participants older than 50 years, with at least two cardiovascular risk factors at baseline (e.g. hypertension, dyslipidemia) and a clinical diagnosis of HSDD [115]. The composite cardiovascular end point included death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, coronary revascularization, hospitalized unstable angina, and venous thromboembolic events [115]. After 4 years, with more than 7,300 women-years of exposure, the company (BioSante Pharmaceuticals, Inc) reported 53 adjudicated cardiovascular events, a lower than anticipated rate, with the number of breast cancers as anticipated based on subject ages [116]. Study results have been published in press releases but not in peer-reviewed publications. Despite these reassuring outcomes, long-term (beyond 2 years) safety data, particularly regarding breast cancer and cardiovascular events (acute myocardial infarction, stroke, deep vein thrombosis, and death), are limited and inconclusive [5,6,15,117–120].
An update on the available and emerging pharmacotherapy for adults with testosterone deficiency available in the USA
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2021
Eliyahu Kresch, Mehul Patel, Thiago Fernandes Negris Lima, Ranjith Ramasamy
Another recently developed 1% testosterone gel is Vogelxo (Upsher-Smith Laboratories, Maple Grove, MN, USA). Although other gels are also available at this concentration, Vogelxo is unique in that it contains multiple known penetration enhancers such as diisopropyl adipate, oleyl acid, and methyl laurate [30]. The gel comes in either unit-dose tubes, packets, or metered-dose pumps. The starting dose is 50 mg (one tube/packet or 4 pump actuations) and can be titrated up to a maximum dose of 100 mg. The gel is applied to the shoulders and upper arms and should be limited to the area covered by a shirt. Clinical trials evaluating Vogelxo (50 mg and 100 mg) compared to a placebo and a non-scrotal testosterone transdermal system showed that 74% of the patients had average testosterone concentrations of testosterone in the normal range by day 90 [27].