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Diseases of Infancy and Childhood
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
ETN can usually be diagnosed by the clinical appearance alone. A Tzanck smear may reveal numerous eosinophils and occasional neutrophils. ETN may be differentiated from other neonatal pustular dermatoses, including miliaria, transient neonatal pustular melanosis, infantile acropustulosis, bacterial, Candida spp., or Malassezia furfur pustulosis, and neonatal Herpes simplex infection. Treatment is not required. Recovery generally takes place spontaneously.
EEG Methods with Particular Reference to Neonatal Seizures
Published in Richard A. Jonas, Jane W. Newburger, Joseph J. Volpe, John W. Kirklin, Brain Injury and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, 2019
This pattern occurs in both full-term and premature neonates, the discharges often having a distinct contour, broad-based waves42,57,85 (Figure 8-3). The pattern can be focal but also can appear independently at various locations. It may last from a few seconds to many minutes. It may at times evolve into more frequent discharges that then display morphological changes.86 The clinical seizures observed in relation to this pattern are often subtle and at times the discharges appear time-locked with contralateral jerks. This pattern seems to correspond to the “depressed brain seizure” described by Kellaway and Mizrahi87 and to the “periodic and quasi-periodic” multifocal electrical seizures described by Pettay et al.88 and Mizrahi and Tharp89 as characteristic for neonatal herpes simplex encephalitis. Although the LFD can occur in the course of this viral encephalitis, it is not by itself pathognomonic. LFD may develop after severe asphyxia90 in the course of bacterial meningitis, after cerebrovascular insults, in some severe brain malformations, or with congenital metabolic disorders.57,81,91
Multimodal Imaging of a Severe Case of Neonatal Acute Retinal Necrosis and Lens Vacuoles Associated with Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2022
Takamasa Kinoshita, Akira Hatanaka, Junya Mori, Kei Akaiwa, Hiroko Imaizumi
Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is commonly acquired from the genital tract at birth, and infrequently acquired through transplacental transmission of the HSV virus. It is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality.1 It affects the skin, mouth, eyes, central nervous system, and the visceral organs such as the lungs, liver, and adrenal glands. Ocular involvement includes blepharoconjunctivitis, keratitis and, very rarely, acute retinal necrosis (ARN). Several reports have described the characteristics of neonatal ARN associated with HSV infection with fundus photography.2–6 However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that documents the clinical course of extremely severe neonatal ARN with multimodal imaging, including fundus photography, fluorescein angiography (FA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Furthermore, in the same case, we demonstrate bilateral lens vacuoles with asymmetrical clinical course; these have not been described previously, as far as we know. Signed informed consent was obtained from the patient’s parents.