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A diabetic with diarrhoea
Published in Tim French, Terry Wardle, The Problem-Based Learning Workbook, 2022
Osteomalacia is caused by vitamin D deficiency. Failure of calcium absorbtion leads to low serum calcium. PTH is secreted to try and compensate, leading to increased osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity and overall loss of bone mineral content. Key investigations include: biochemistry, low or normal Ca2+, low , secondary to renal PTH effectsradiology shows osteopenic bone and decalcification of bone, particularly of any concave surfaces.
Bones and fractures
Published in Henry J. Woodford, Essential Geriatrics, 2022
Symptoms of osteomalacia are generalised bone pain and muscle weakness (proximal myopathy). Investigations will reveal low serum 25OHD, hypocalcaemia, hypophosphataemia and/or rasied ALP. X-ray images may show pseudo fractures (Looser's zones), most commonly seen at the pelvis, femur, metatarsal or scapula.
Micronutrients
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
However, the integrity of the system depends critically on vitamin D status; if there is a deficiency of vitamin D, the loss of its calcemic action leads to a decrease in the ionized calcium (Ca++) and secondary hyperparathyroidism and hypophosphatemia. For this reason, vitamin D deficiency results in rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, while calcium deficiency gives rise to osteoporosis in the elderly (3). Briefly, these two diseases have different origins: osteoporosis is mainly due to lower levels of estrogen in menopausal women or to hormonal change in the elderly for both sexes, whereas osteomalacia or rickets in children is due to the lack of vitamin D that leads to calcium and phosphate deficiency. Osteoporosis is identified by bones becoming porous and weak, while osteomalacia is characterized by softening of the bones that can lead to fractures and severe deformity. Moreover, an increase in Ca intake during pregnancy is recommended to prevent risk of pre-eclampsia. Several studies have shown an association between low calcium intake and increased risks of colon cancer, hypercholesterolemia, and high blood pressure (7, 10). Calcium deficiency also affects the dentition of both children and adult (8–11). In brief, calcium is mainly required for bone and tooth formation, muscle contraction, and nerve transmission. It also plays a role in cellular metabolism, aids blood clotting, and prevents colon cancer in humans (3, 4, 6–11).
Comorbidity and health-related quality of life in Somali women living in Sweden
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 2019
Taye Demeke, Amra Osmancevic, Martin Gillstedt, Anne Lene Krogstad, Eva Angesjö, Håkan Sinclair, Gamal Abd El-Gawad, Emily Krantz, Penelope Trimpou, Kerstin Landin-Wilhelmsen
The clinical manifestations of osteomalacia are bone pain, tenderness and muscle weakness [3,4]. Beyond its classical effects on calcium and bone homeostasis, vitamin D is also recognized for its immunomodulatory, pro-differentiation and anti-proliferative biological activity [5]. Genetic and environmental factors are involved in the development of autoimmune disease [6]. The increasing frequency of autoimmune diseases as one departs northward from the equator may be linked to the lower exposition of ultraviolet B (UVB). Such associations have been found in immigrants in Italy who developed allergy and asthma after arrival [7]. Sunlight is vital to maintain normal vitamin D levels [8,9]. There are studies showing the role of vitamin D in reducing the risk of chronic illnesses [10] including autoimmune diseases [6,11].
Serum Vitamin D Levels in Children with Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2018
Banu Bozkurt, Hasibe Artac, Hulya Ozdemir, Ali Ünlü, Mete Kaan Bozkurt, Murat Irkec
Median serum total IgE levels in VKC patients was 45.40 IU/mL (range: 10.30–1090 IU/mL). Serum IgE levels were above 100 IU/mL in 12 VKC patients (41.4%). There were no differences in serum 25(OH)D3 levels between VKC children with and without increased serum IgE levels (10.30 ± 4.12 ng/mL and 11.53 ± 5.86 ng/mL, respectively, p = 0.54) and no significant correlation was found between serum 25(OH)D3 and IgE levels (Spearman’s rho 0.044, p>0.05). Serum 25(OH)D3 levels did not differ between VKC children with or without atopy or co-associated allergic diseases (p>0.05). Children who were diagnosed as vitamin D deficiency were referred to pediatricians for further clinical examination and treatment. None of the children with vitamin D deficiency had clinical signs of osteomalacia or decreased serum levels of calcium and phosphate. Vitamin D supplements were given to children with vitamin D levels <10 ng/mL.
Osteomyelitis and pyomyositis due to Staphylococcus aureus in an osteomalacic adult with multiple fractures
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2021
Masumi Ogawa, Takatoshi Kitazawa, Yusuke Yoshino, Koji Morita, Toshio Ishikawa, Yasuo Ota
Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) can be cured by complete resection of the responsible tumor. However, the tumor may be difficult to identify, because it is usually small and can arise anywhere in the body [17]. In TIO localization, a stepwise approach with functional imaging modality and anatomical imaging study had been advocated. Functional imaging includes gallium-68-DOTATATE positron emission tomography (PET), indium-111-pentetreotide single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) and fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET, whereas anatomic imaging studies include CT and magnetic resonance imaging. Neither these imaging examinations nor pathological examinations were available in our case because the patient refused further examinations.