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Comparison of Two Means
Published in Marcello Pagano, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Heather Mattie, Principles of Biostatistics, 2022
Marcello Pagano, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Heather Mattie
The Bayley Scales of Infant Development provide scores on two indices – the Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) and the Mental Development Index (MDI) – which can be used to assess a child's level of functioning at approximately one year of age. As part of a study investigating the development and neurologic status of children who had undergone reparative heart surgery during the first three months of life, the Bayley Scales were administered to a sample of one-year-old infants born with congenital heart disease. The children had been randomized to one of two different treatment groups, known as “circulatory arrest” and “low-flow bypass.” The groups differed in the specific way in which the reparative surgery was performed. Unlike circulatory arrest, which stops blood flow through the brain for a short period of time, low-flow bypass maintains continuous circulation. Although it is felt to be preferable by some physicians, it also has its own associated risk of brain injury. The data for this study are saved in the data set bayley[189]. PDI scores are saved under the variable name pdi, MDI scores under mdi, and indicators of treatment group under trtment. For this variable, 0 represents circulatory arrest and 1 is low-flow bypass.
Norms and Scores
Published in Lucy Jane Miller, Developing Norm-Referenced Standardized Tests, 2020
Suppose that on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development,1 Kendra, age 14 months, received a score of 97 on the Mental Scale and 44 on the Motor Scale. Does this mean that her mental abilities are in the average range? Does it mean that she is motorically retarded? Does it mean that her mental abilities are twice as good as her motor abilities?
pH Management During Hypothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass with Circulatory Arrest
Published in Richard A. Jonas, Jane W. Newburger, Joseph J. Volpe, John W. Kirklin, Brain Injury and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, 2019
The Bayley Scales of Infant Development were administered to children younger than 30 months of age (n = 4).10 This instrument yields two scores, the Mental Development Index and the Psychomotor Development Index. The McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities were administered to children who were at least 30 months of age (n = 12).11 This instrument yields a General Cognitive Index and five scale scores: Verbal, Perceptual-Performance, Quantitative, Memory, and Motor. In this retrospective study we focused on global indices of early cognitive function, namely, the Mental Development Index of the Bayley Scales and the General Cognitive Index of the McCarthy Scales. Both were originally age-normed to have a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 16. Recent data suggests that the population mean has drifted upward to approximately 110.
Neurodevelopmental outcome at 1 year in offspring of women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2021
Xiu-Jie He, Rui-xue Dai, Chao-qing Tian, Chuan-Lai Hu
Child neurodevelopment was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development first Edition (BSID-I), a widely used instrument for assessing early development of infants [10]. The scales have been formally adapted to the Chinese version and locally standardized to become culture appropriate [11]. The BSID test was conducted in a quiet room in the hospital and performed by doctors who have completed the accredited training program for the Bayley-I. In the assessment, raw mental and psychomotor scores were calculated and converted to standardized scores of Mental and Psychomotor Developmental Index (MDI and PDI, respectively). The MDI assesses cognitive abilities including memory, imitation and social communication, classification, problem-solving, and receptive and expressive language; whereas the PDI assesses gross motor coordination, motor control, and manipulatory or fine motor skills.
Effects of a naturalistic intervention on the speech outcomes of young children with cleft palate
Published in International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2020
Nancy J. Scherer, Ann P. Kaiser, Jennifer R. Frey, Hope Sparks Lancaster, Kari Lien, Megan Y. Roberts
All children received a comprehensive assessment of speech and language skills prior to and following intervention. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development III- Cognitive subtest (Bayley, 2006) was administered to all participants during the pre-intervention assessment only. The PLS-4 (Zimmerman, Steiner, & Pond, 2002), a standardised, norm-referenced assessment, was individually administered to assess children’s receptive and expressive language skills before and after intervention. Children’s language skills were also assessed through 30-min, naturalistic, play-based language samples (LS) with a trained clinician and parent–child interaction (PCX) sessions in the clinic (Miller & Chapman, 2009). In addition to the standardised, norm-referenced and observational measures, parents completed the MCDI (Fenson et al., 2007) as a measure of expressive vocabulary before and after intervention. The PEEPS (Stoel-Gammon & Williams, 2013) was the primary speech measure used throughout the study. The phonetic transcriptions of the PEEPS were used to calculate PCC, consonant inventory, and ANE (Scherer et al., 2012). Toys representing each word are available in Supplementary Table 1.
The effects of intrauterine growth on physical and intellectual development of one-year-old infants: a study on monochorionic twins with selective intrauterine growth restriction
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2023
Xianping Huang, Huiqiu Xiang, Jiale Bao, Jing Zhu, Jiajia Chen, Panpan Zhou, Tong Zhou, Zhangye Xu
Bayley scales of infant development (BISD), including intelligence scale and exercise scale, were used to test infants’ psychomotor and mental development. The intelligence scale and exercise scale were expressed by the mental development index (MDI) and psychomotor development index (PDI), respectively. After obtaining full familiarity and cooperation from the infants in a quiet environment, the evaluation process was carried out item by item to figure out the MDI and PDI. The evaluation was repeated after 15 days without satisfying cooperation. Cognitive performance tests were performed by expert psychologists who were unaware of twins’ status at the Institute of Cognitive Sciences of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University.