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Vestibular Schwannoma
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Mathieu Trudel, Simon K. W. Lloyd
The diagnosis of VS relies mainly on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning. VS are iso/hypointense on T1- and T2-weighted sequences and they enhance avidly with contrast (gadolinium). T2-weighted imaging is adequate for diagnosis and monitoring, but a contrast-enhanced scan can help distinguish VS from other lesions, and fat suppression can diagnose lipomas. It is generally accepted that every patient with unilateral audiovestibular symptoms of unknown aetiology should undergo an MRI scan of the IACs. This is also true for patients presenting with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), where an underlying VS is found in 1.9–4.9% of cases.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Louise Jayne Clark, Adam J Donne, R James A England, Hisham M Mehanna, Gerald William McGarry, Sean Carrie, Basic Sciences Endocrine Surgery Rhinology, 2018
Neil Ritchie, Alasdair Robertson
Vestibular and cochlear symptoms are common in HIV-infected individuals. Sensorineural hearing loss is reported to be more common than in uninfected patients and to correlate with stage of disease.18 Sudden sensorineural hearing loss is also reported to be more than twice as common in this patient population.19 Identified causes of hearing loss include direct HIV central nervous system involvement, opportunistic infection, immune-reconstitution and drug induced ototoxicity.
Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Christopher P Aldren, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Raymond W Clarke, Richard M Irving, Haytham Kubba, Shakeel R Saeed, Paediatrics, The Ear, Skull Base, 2018
Several factors have been postulated as central to the aetiology of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL). Possible causes include labyrinthine viral infection, vascular insult, intracochlear membrane rupture and autoimmune inner-ear disease.
Efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract as an adjuvant in the treatment of Chinese patients with sudden hearing loss: a meta-analysis
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Chao Yuan, Huan Zhang, Cuicui Sun, Kai Zhang
Sudden hearing loss (Byl 1984; O’Malley and Harnes 2008; Wen et al. 2020; Wang and Ma 2022), known as sudden sensorineural hearing loss, is a common emergency in otolaryngology. Its clinical symptoms include unilateral hearing loss, accompanied by tinnitus, dizziness, nausea and others. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of SHL are still not clear until now, some researchers (Yu and Yang 2015; Beckers et al. 2021; Ricciardiello et al. 2021; Si, Liu, et al. 2022) attribute it to viral infection, circulatory system dysfunction, immune dysfunction, etc. There is still no standard treatment strategy; treatment for sudden deafness is basically comprehensive, and the application of drugs in nutritive nerve and circulatory improvements is common (Li et al. 2016; Chandrasekhar et al. 2019).
The applications of targeted delivery for gene therapies in hearing loss
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2023
Melissa Jones, Bozica Kovacevic, Corina Mihaela Ionescu, Susbin Raj Wagle, Christina Quintas, Elaine Y. M. Wong, Momir Mikov, Armin Mooranian, Hani Al-Salami
Sensorineural hearing loss is described as involving the inner ear and auditory cortex via neural pathways, impacting both children and adults. In terms of children, sensorineural hearing loss may be either hereditary or non-hereditary in nature [29]. One category within the classification of sensorineural hearing loss is sudden sensorineural hearing loss, which is defined as a sudden impairment in hearing, which is typically a result of alternative factors such as trauma or systemic infections. Often, no direct cause can be linked, with such termed idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss [30]. This hearing loss subcategory is also prevalent in children, noted often as being viral or idiopathic [31]. Histologically, sensorineural hearing loss is most commonly depicted by cochlea sensory cells being lost or damaged, often via trauma or the use of drugs [32]. There are wide indications that a multitude of cells located in the cochlea, and, more specifically the organ of Corti, are involved in hearing loss, and will be explored further in this review.
Tinnitus and stress in adults: a scoping review
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2021
Asma Elarbed, Kathryn Fackrell, David M. Baguley, Derek J. Hoare
The hearing was assessed in 32 studies. The other 19 studies did not report whether the hearing was assessed or not. Audiometric tests were used in 18 studies (mainly pure tone audiometry). Eight studies used self-report instruments (i.e. participants answered questions about hearing impairment) and reported the percentages of participants who had a hearing impairment. Only five studies measured hearing but did not report the results. Few studies were designed to examine tinnitus associated with hearing impairment. Those that were had specific populations who had either sudden sensorineural hearing loss (Schmitt, Patak, and Kroner-Herwig 2000), single-sided deafness (Haussler et al. 2019), or used cochlear implants (Olze, Szczepek, et al. 2012; Olze, Gräbel, et al. 2012; Ketterer et al. 2018) (see also Supplementary Table).