China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Respiratory system
Published in Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge, MCQs in Paediatrics, 2020
Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge
7.8. The accepted indications for the removal of tonsils in childhood areperitonsillar abscess.frequent serious upper respiratory tract infections requiring absence from school.eight or more attacks of tonsillitis per year despite chemoprophylaxis.sleep apnoea.recurrent middle ear infections.
Global Initiatives for Hearing Health in the 21st Century
Published in Stavros Hatzopoulos, Andrea Ciorba, Mark Krumm, Advances in Audiology and Hearing Science, 2020
Bradley McPherson, Shelly Chadha
It is further important to note that there are cost-effective solutions to address hearing loss (WHO, 2017a) that can: reduce hearing loss by prevention or management of ear conditions and other risk factors that lead to hearing loss. WHO estimates that in children, nearly 60% of hearing loss is due to preventable causes. Ear infections, birth complications, infectious diseases, noise exposure, and use of ototoxic medicines are some of these avoidable causes (WHO, 2016).mitigate the adverse impact of hearing loss through early identification accompanied by appropriate rehabilitation. Simply put, it is possible to detect hearing loss at very early stages, both in terms of age and degree of loss. When such identification is timely and is accompanied by appropriate rehabilitative services such as fitting with hearing devices and required therapy, it can greatly reduce the adverse impact of hearing loss on individuals, their families and the overall society (WHO, 2017b).
Tobacco and Health
Published in Rajmohan Panda, Manu Raj Mathur, Tobacco Cessation, 2019
Sandeep Mahapatra, Kumar Gaurav
Secondhand smoke is harmful especially for babies and young children as they are in their growing phase. Exposure to secondhand smoke may cause the following disorders: Low birth weight, which increases the chance of developing heart disease and type 2 diabetes when they grow up.A higher risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).Serious lower respiratory infections, such as bronchitis and pneumonia.Respiratory symptoms, including coughing, mucous, wheezing, and shortness of breath.More ear infections than in a child who is not exposed to secondhand smoke (they are also more likely to have tubes placed in their ears to drain the fluid caused by a high incidence of ear infections).
Features of Turner syndrome in patients managed at the adult endocrinology clinic, Steve Biko Academic Hospital
Published in Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa, 2023
Otological disease is part of the widely variable phenotype in Turner syndrome patients. It varies from external morphologic abnormalities to recurrent middle ear infections as well as sensorineural or conductive hearing loss. Hearing loss is a common feature of Turner syndrome with a prevalence ranging from 36% to 84%. The auditory phenotype in Turner syndrome is complex and seems to be dynamic, with conductive hearing loss due to middle ear disease at an early age and sensorineural hearing loss later in life. Importantly, the presence of the mid-frequency dip is prognostic for the development of further progression of sensorineural hearing loss. In our population, hearing loss was detected in only three patients (17.6%), much lower than the prevalence described in the literature. Two patients had chronic otitis media, complicated by hearing loss.
Assessment of auditory processing in children with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate
Published in Hearing, Balance and Communication, 2022
Melika Zarei, Zahra Hosseini Dastgerdi, Alireza Momeni, Nayyereh Sadat Nouri
Children with CLP and CP are more prone to middle ear infections due to palate deformities [3]. Defects in the palate increase the likelihood of recurrent and chronic otitis media [3,9]. Hearing loss caused by middle ear infection is often fluctuating and causes inconsistent transmission of auditory information, which has a negative effect on neural connection formation. Evidence suggests that transient hearing loss due to middle ear infection causes significant structural and functional changes in the auditory system and leads to processing disorder, especially in early years of life [10]. Recurrent otitis media disrupts the balance of inputs in both ears and adversely affects binaural and temporal processing [10]. processing disorder might not recover even after treatment of middle ear infection, which might negatively affect development of language skills, learning ability, and academic achievement in children [10]. The children did not have a middle ear infection when the tests were carried out in the present study but more than half of the children (12 children) had a history of middle ear infection and ventilation tubes surgery. Therefore, parents and specialists should be highly sensitive to recurrent otitis media and its potential adverse effects on development of auditory function and the resulting APD in CLP children.
Immune-mediated organ pathologies of vital organs
Published in International Reviews of Immunology, 2021
Viral bronchiolitis, a lung infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus, commonly affects infants and young children up to the age of two years. Viral bronchiolitis is an acute condition that initially affects the upper respiratory tract and subsequently progresses to the lower respiratory tract with excessive inflammation and mucus production. Children with viral bronchiolitis present with a runny or stuffy nose, difficulty in breathing, coughing, and occasionally low-grade fever. Additionally, this infection can reach the ear and may cause ear infection. The last article in this issue by Dias et al. analyzes the association of inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and IFN-γ and its link with viral bronchiolitis based on the current literature [4]. This article will be of relevance to a wide readership but especially those in the fields of immunology and viral immunology (Figure 1).