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Screening Tools for Otological Function in Older Adults
Published in Stavros Hatzopoulos, Andrea Ciorba, Mark Krumm, Advances in Audiology and Hearing Science, 2020
Federica di Berardino, Diego Zanetti, Barbara Weinstein
Screening for hearing impairment and screening for hearing disability use different tools and, therefore, are measured separately. However, elderly people with moderate or moderately severe hearing loss may often not report any hearing disability, while others with minimal or no hearing impairment may complain of considerable hearing disability. For this reason, screening tools evaluating depression, cognitive decline, reduction in functional status, emotional and social limitations caused by the ARHI have been added in the evaluation of hearing impairment and found to be fundamental in identifying those people who need hearing support also at a screening level (Weinstein, 2004). Some of these screening tools are enough sensitive and quick to be administered successfully by the general Practitioners. The involvement of the general Practitioners in the screening of the elderly is very important since they are the closest physicians to older adults and this category of subjects usually tend to underestimate the degree of their hearing impairment (because symptoms are often slowly progressive). Furthermore, many older individuals who perceive a hearing impairment usually do not seek evaluation for it, and they rarely report their difficulties, even to the relatives. This is mostly due to the fact that age-related hearing loss also affects the personality, behavior, and vision of life and that it interferes with communication in many daily listening situations.
Micronutrients in Prevention and Improvement of the Standard Therapy in Hearing Disorders
Published in Kedar N. Prasad, Micronutrients in Health and Disease, 2019
Age-related hearing loss is caused by the cochlear degeneration. Overexpression of miR-29b induced degeneration of cochlear hair cells by decreasing the levels of its target proteins. These key proteins are (a) silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), a NAD+ dependent protein deacetylase, which downregulates inflammatory processes, and (b) proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α). PGC-1alpha is a stimulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and a regulator of energy metabolism, whose inhibition can lead to impaired mitochondrial function and cochlear hair cell apoptosis in mice.111 This study was confirmed by the opposite experiment in which inhibition of miR-29b increased the levels of SIRT1 and PGC-1aα, and deceased apoptosis of cochlear hair cells (HEI-OC1 inner ear cell line).
Motor control and aging
Published in Andrea Utley, Motor Control, Learning and Development, 2018
Gradually over time, especially over the age of 75, individuals experience a gradual reduction in their ability to hear. Age-related hearing loss tends to happen gradually, and both ears are usually affected equally. Most commonly it is changes in the inner ear that cause the loss, but it can also be as a result of changes in the middle ear or changes to the nerve pathways from the ear to the brain. The impact on the individual can be moderate to severe, but most often hearing loss impacts our ability to communicate and interact with others. It also means that some of the auditory information that we get from the environment that helps us with positioning and time to contact is impaired. This can have an impact on daily activities such as road crossing. In the sporting context, we also use auditory information to tell us about the speed of objects such as the velocity of approaching balls. If we hear a ball bounce, we can make judgments about its speed by the sound made on contact. Auditory information is not as important as visual information, but it still has a role to play in how we control our movement. Changes to the vestibular system have an impact especially on proprioception. By the age of 70, there can be a 40% loss of vestibular hair and nerve cells. This can increase dizziness and also cause postural adjustments to be made that are too small, resulting in falls (Ishiyama 2009).
Characteristics of hearing loss in elderly outpatients over 60 years of age: an annual cross-sectional study
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Siyang Li, Hui Ye, Aiting Chen, Lan Lan, Shiming Yang, Fei Ji
Multiple studies have shown that ARHL not only causes pathophysiological changes to the central auditory pathway, but also affects functions in areas of the brain that are not directly related to the auditory center [8]. Some studies have shown that ARHL is an independent relevant factor for the rapid decline of the entire brain volume and right temporal lobe volume [13]. The clinical manifestations of age-related hearing loss, the rate of progression, the age of onset, and the ultimate severity of hearing loss vary from person to person. So, although most elderly patients show significant hearing loss, some have normal hearing. This may be due to the synergistic effects of various internal and external factors on age-related hearing loss [14]. DONA pointed out that when pure tone test results indicated ARHL at 0.25–8 kHz, hearing loss at a higher frequency, such as 10–12.5 kHz, may have already occurred [8]. Therefore, if the subsequent consequences of ARHL are to be minimized, preventive measures should be implemented earlier than expected.
Speech intelligibility of Parkinson’s disease patients evaluated by different groups of healthcare professionals and naïve listeners
Published in Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology, 2021
Joana Carvalho, Rita Cardoso, Isabel Guimarães, Joaquim J. Ferreira
Future research should increase the strength of these results and seek improvement directed towards: (i) enhancing formal examination through a hearing screening prior to presenting speech stimuli. Prevalence of age-related hearing loss, in the United States, is approximately one in three people age 65–74 and nearly one in two people age 75[28]; (ii) distinguish between intelligibility (acoustic signal only) and comprehensibility (visual and acoustic information) data from PD relatives and GP listeners can be a useful index to better predict how PD patients are perceived by naïve listeners [17]; (iii) identifying speech intelligibility analysis with ON and OF state PD patients, and also (iv) determining speech intelligibility in dysarthria secondary to Multisystemic Atrophy, Supranuclear Palsy and cerebellar ataxia.
Discrimination of degrees of auditory performance from the digits-in-noise test based on hearing status
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2020
Nicole M. Armstrong, Berthe C. Oosterloo, Pauline H. Croll, Mohammad Arfan Ikram, André Goedegebure
Age-related hearing loss is a highly prevalent condition affecting up to two-thirds of adults aged 70 years and older (Homans et al. 2017). Older individuals have a higher prevalence of hearing loss with greater levels of severity than younger and middle-aged individuals (Agrawal, Platz, and Niparko 2008; Goman and Lin 2016; Homans et al. 2017). Among older adults with hearing loss, a major complaint is difficulty hearing speech in noisy environments (Pronk, Deeg, and Kramer 2018; Pronk et al. 2013). This difficulty requires additional attentional resources to be recruited to aid in understanding verbal communication in noisy environments, which may have cascading effects, leading to loneliness, social isolation, and depression. Aside from age, prevalence of hearing loss differs between men and women with men having a higher prevalence of hearing loss, as compared to women (Agrawal, Platz, and Niparko 2008; Goman and Lin 2016; Homans et al. 2017). Both age and sex need to be considered when examining the prevalence of hearing loss.