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Thermography by Specialty
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Thermography can detect stress fractures in the tibia and fibula, reducing the need for radioactive scans.7 Thermography is an accurate way to differentiate between stress fracture and other causes of shin-splint syndromes in runners (see Figure 10.76a).8 Infrared imaging offers only moderate accuracy for detecting stress fractures, however, unless performed with modern imaging technology.9
Bone Microcirculation
Published in John H. Barker, Gary L. Anderson, Michael D. Menger, Clinically Applied Microcirculation Research, 2019
Compartment syndromes result from edema in a limb fascial compartment. Edema, under these circumstances, is caused by blockage of a vessel in the compartment so as to create increased transmural pressure in vessels with resultant hydraulic conductivity into the interstitium. Compartmental pressures, which are normally 4 to 8 mmHg in the leg,44 may increase to more than 30 mmHg, a pressure sufficient to compress compliant tissue, including veins. As a consequence, ischemia spreads due to vascular compromise increasing hypoxia, and threatening tissue viability if maintained more than 6 h.44 Sequelae range from the mild “shin splints”1 to massive necrosis sufficient to require amputation. The leg is the most common site of CS, where etiological agents identified thus far include traumatic conditions such as fractures of the tibia, crush injuries, compression bandaging, and atraumatic conditions such as arteriolar embolism.1 Similarities between CS etiology and the Wilkes and Visscher104 model for atraumatic IBD become apparent when the medullary canal is modeled as a compartment.49,101
Test Paper 6
Published in Teck Yew Chin, Susan Cheng Shelmerdine, Akash Ganguly, Chinedum Anosike, Get Through, 2017
Teck Yew Chin, Susan Cheng Shelmerdine, Akash Ganguly, Chinedum Anosike
All of the following statements are true with regard to stress fractures in young athletic children, except Children with limb misalignment are at greater risk.Stress fracture of the femoral neck involves the superior surface.Shin splints show linear oedema limited to the medial tibia.Distal femoral metaphysis are recognised sites for stress fracture.Pars interarticularis fractures are due to repetitive extension and torsion.
Efficacy of kinesiology taping on the management of shin splints: a systematic review
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2022
Suimin Guo, Peizhen Liu, Beibei Feng, Yangfan Xu, Yuling Wang
Shin splint, also known as medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS), is one of the most common overuse-related injuries that cause pain and disorders associated with activity. It is defined as ‘diffuse pain caused by exercise-induced pain along the posteromedial border of the distal two-thirds of the tibia’ [1]. Shin splints is frequently observed in athletes, particularly runners, and military personnel trainees [2,3], although it may also occur in ordinary people who are not engaged in intense exercises. The prevalence of shin splints among runners ranges from 13.2% to 17.3% [4]. The incidence of shin splints in navy recruits is the highest, reaching 35% [5], probably because of overtraining and physical exercises with significantly high intensities and durations [6]. Shin splints adversely affect their normal training performance, motor performance and even physical function [7]. Moreover, shin splints may cause complications, such as stress fracture [8], which undoubtedly undermine daily activities and sports routines. Pain is the most serious symptom of shin splints, and other associated disorders include movement disorders and proprioceptive disability [6].
Exercise-induced leg pain in athletes: diagnostic, assessment, and management strategies
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2019
Heinz Lohrer, Nikolaos Malliaropoulos, Vasileios Korakakis, Nat Padhiar
Athletes, trainers, and doctors to describe leg pain in sport often use the term ‘shin splints’ or ‘fresher’s leg’. These are non-specific terms and although the history and symptoms of various conditions that cause EILP have long been recognised, the actual term itself has never been restrictively defined. In 1966, the American Medical Association (AMA) published ‘The Standard Nomenclature of Athletic Injuries’. This was prepared by a sub-committee of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Sports and after extensive canvassing of the opinions of physicians, trainers, physical educators, and other interested parties in Sports Medicine. They defined ‘shin splints’ as ‘pain and discomfort in the leg from repetitive running on hard surfaces or forcible, excessive use of the foot flexors; diagnosis should be limited to musculotendinous inflammations, excluding fracture or ischaemic disorders’. There was a mixed response to this definition but in the main, it was widely criticised and if nothing else, the AMA definition created enough interest in the subject for each author to express a preference for his/her own classification [2].