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Knee Pain
Published in Benjamin Apichai, Chinese Medicine for Lower Body Pain, 2021
This is often called “runner’s knee,” because the knee pain is often associated with running sports. It’s the number one cause of anterior knee pain in the United States with an incidence as high as one in four people (Laprade et al. 1998). The word chondromalacia is derived from the Greek words chrondros, meaning cartilage, and malakia, meaning softening. Chondromalacia patellae means a softening of the cartilage on the posterior surface of the patella which may eventually lead to fibrillation, fissuring, and erosion.
Medical matters
Published in Roslyn Rogers, Anita Unruh, Managing Persistent Pain in Adolescents, 2017
Knee pain is relatively common in adolescents with some studies reporting a 29–32% prevalence with possible causes other than trauma, sited as joint laxity, patellar instability, congenital synovial plica, hamstring tightness and structural abnormalities of the foot. Knee pain is more prevalent in adolescents who have been active in regular sport. It is usually worse after activity, and a proportion of these adolescents are required to stop playing sport. A chondromalacia patella is diagnosed when changes to the cartilage of the knee caps (patellae) occur.
Articular Cartilage Pathology and Therapies
Published in Kyriacos A. Athanasiou, Eric M. Darling, Grayson D. DuRaine, Jerry C. Hu, A. Hari Reddi, Articular Cartilage, 2017
Kyriacos A. Athanasiou, Eric M. Darling, Grayson D. DuRaine, Jerry C. Hu, A. Hari Reddi
Arthroscopic abrasion arthroplasty is a procedure where the cartilage defect is smoothed and reshaped. This treatment is often combined with others, such as marrow stimulation, for a variety of indications. Burrs, diseased tissue, delaminated cartilage, and flaps can be removed to improve the gliding motion and provide temporary relief. Osteochondral defects can also be treated by removing the dead bone or sclerotic lesions to stimulate fibrocartilage production. This fibrocartilage repair tissue has been reported to last up to 6 years (Johnson 1986). Reports have shown that for chondromalacia patellae, 75% of the patients were satisfied with the procedure when followed up (Federico and Reider 1997). Even for athletes, the procedure has shown quick success, with resumption of sports activities on an average of 10.8 weeks following the procedure (Levy et al. 1996). Cartilage debridement has been applied to various joints, including the knee (Jackson et al. 1997; Chiu and Chen 2007), elbow (Vingerhoeds et al. 2004; Wada et al. 2005), ankle (Gould and Flick 1985), and shoulder (Cuff et al. 2008), oftentimes in combination with other procedures. However, arthroscopic debridement has been demonstrated to be no better than placebo procedure for osteoarthritis of the knee (Moseley et al. 2002).
The science of biomechanics can promote dancers’ injury prevention strategies
Published in Physical Therapy Reviews, 2021
Aspasia Fotaki, Athanasios Triantafyllou, Georgios Papagiannis, Sophia Stasi, Papathanasiou Georgios, Savvidou Olga, Charilaos K. Tsolakis, Panayiotis Koulouvaris
Serious or repetitive injuries can complicate or in some cases, even, terminate a dancer’s career [17,19]. Studies have shown that knee joint injuries are among the most frequent in dancers, because of the rotating loads that are applied to the joint. The elements, connective, or contractile, that surround and protect the knee are various and differ both in structure and function. An injury can include: stretching and/or irritation of the anterior cruciate ligaments, causing increased rotary instability of the joint and knee hyperextension; stretching and/or irritation of medial collateral ligaments, compromising the lateral stability of the joint; tearing or rupturing of the menisci; maltracking of the patella in the trochlear groove, resulting in grinding of the articular cartilage of the patellofemoral joint; increasing the incidence of chondromalacia patella and/or patellar tendonitis—‘jumper’s knee’ and predispose the joint to patellar dislocation [20–24].
A novel clinical test for assessing patellar cartilage changes and its correlation with magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopy
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2019
Paul Khoo, Abhijeet Ghoshal, Damien Byrne, Ramesh Subramaniam, Raymond Moran
Chondromalacia patellae (CMP) is a common cause of anterior knee pain (Cook, Mabry, Reiman, and Hegedus, 2012). However, the etiology of the disorder still remains unclear (Earl and Vetter, 2007). Suggested causes have included: dynamic alignment disorders (Earl and Vetter, 2007), malalignment of the lower extremity, muscular imbalance, cartilage disruption (Fulkerson, 2002), lateral retinaculum tightness, increased Q angle, overuse (Loudon et al., 2002), and abnormal hip mechanics (Powers, 2010). Patients presenting with patellofemoral pain may have normal cartilage findings at the time of arthroscopy (Leslie and Bentley, 1978). Conversely, patellar cartilage changes may be observed in patients without any patellofemoral symptoms (Royle, Noble, Davies, and Kay, 1991). Studies have also shown that there is no correlation between the severity of CMP and the severity of anterior knee pain (Pihlajamaki et al., 2010). Consequently, there is still much controversy surrounding assessment of the signs and symptoms of this condition.
Osteochondritis dissecans of the patella: a case-report in a juvenile football player
Published in Science and Medicine in Football, 2021
Patrícia Cruz, Filipe Bettencourt, Gonçalo Arneiro
Differential diagnosis includes chondromalacic lesions of the patella and osteochondral fractures. Differentiation from osteochondral fractures is easy because they are located at the patellar periphery, mostly at the medial rim and possibly combined with a fracture at the lateral rim of the patellar groove following lateral patella dislocation. In contrast, differentiation from chondromalacia patella is more difficult because of the central localization; however, the cartilage layer is weakened without any dissection and/or subchondral necrosis (Bruns et al. 1999).