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Osteoarthritis (Knee and Hip)
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Over-the-Counter Pain Medicines: Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is a preferred first-line treatment; it may be less effective than oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) but has less risk of serious gastrointestinal (GI) and cardiovascular events.2 NSAIDs (aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, and diclofenac) or topical rubs (e.g., diclofenac or capsaicin) from the drugstore can also be used to help minimize hip and knee pain.
Biotechnology products and indications II
Published in Ronald P. Evens, Biotechnology, 2020
Cell and tissues therapy products are found in Table 9.5. Surgery, especially gastrointestinal and orthopedic (back) locations, can lead to complications where abnormal connections called adhesions can occur between tissues. They can be persistent and quite painful after surgery and often require a second surgery to eliminate them. Hyaluronic acid products in the form of gels and films are available to prevent them by placement between tissues during surgery. The products are biodegradable in situ to nontoxic substances. Also, tissue damage occurs in various diseases where the tissue is accessible for replacement, for example, skin ulcers from diabetes, or pressure. Skin grafting can be done with exogenously engineered skin products. Repair of wounds and burns can be aided with these grafts. Tissue damage is becoming a greater problem as the population ages, and tissues tend to break down more over time in older populations, for example, osteoarthritis of the knees or facial wrinkling. Knee pain can be relieved and wrinkling reduced with hyaluronic acid products administered directly into tissues, and even chondrocytes can be replaced in the knee. Bone fractures can be mended more rapidly through enhanced processes with biological products or devices that contain bone morphogenic growth proteins (BMPs). Facial lipodystrophy in HIV patients can be reduced with a biological product in a form of lactic acid.
Health Consequences of the Obesity Epidemic
Published in Roy J. Shephard, Obesity: A Kinesiologist’s Perspective, 2018
A prospective study of 5784 individuals aged >50 years also found that obesity had a substantial influence on the risk of developing self-reported disabling knee pain [51]. A 3-year follow-up found a 1.66-fold risk of developing severe knee pain in those who were obese relative to those with a normal BMI, after adjusting data for age, sex, anxiety, depression, previous knee injury, baseline pain, widespread pain, and laterality. The authors emphasized that 30 per cent of severe pain would have been avoided if patients had reduced their weight by one category (obese to overweight, or overweight to normal weight).
Use of Kinesio® taping and manual lymphatic drainage to manage traumatic edema and ecchymosis post arthroscopic meniscectomy in a recreational weightlifter: A case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Kyle W. Feldman, Adam Wielechowski, Kate Divine
Arthroscopic meniscectomy is a widely utilized surgical procedure for patients experiencing knee pain. An estimated 700,000–850,000 meniscectomies are performed annually in the United States, comprising up to 20% of all orthopedic surgeries (Carr, 2015). A potential sequelae of orthopedic surgery is postoperative traumatic edema (Majewski-Schrage and Snyder, 2016; Zuther, Armer, and Norton, 2018). Traumatic edema can lead to an inflammatory response accompanied by high protein fluid accumulation (Zuther, Armer, and Norton, 2018). Inflammation can lead to an increase in lymphatic load by excess proteins leaving the blood capillary. The lymphatic system will respond to an increase in load and will either drain the excess fluid without observable edema or a dynamic insufficiency develops with visible edema (Zuther, Armer, and Norton, 2018). This insufficiency could develop if a vein or artery is injured during surgery.
Psychosocial risk factors and physical and mental well-being following a compensable knee injury
Published in European Journal of Physiotherapy, 2023
Helen Razmjou, Alicia Savona, Analia Szafirowicz, Lauren Deel, Robin Richards
The majority of studies on knee pain are focussed on osteoarthritis or arthroplasty of the knee. The risk factors for general knee pain (e.g. age, previous knee injuries, obesity, and knee-straining work) are similar to risk factors for knee osteoarthritis [18]. A consistent relationship between knee pain and depression has been reported by several investigators [42–46]. In a cross-sectional study from Japan [47], depression was more predictive of knee pain than radiographic evidence of degenerative joint changes, even after adjustments for covariates were made. A systematic review on the role of depression and anxiety on knee pain suggests that depression is strongly associated with complaints of knee pain with anxiety having a mixed and inconsistent relationship with knee pain [19]. In this review, the low-quality cross-sectional studies reported mixed results, while the high-quality studies reported no significant association between anxiety and knee pain [19]. In the present study, both depression and anxiety had a strong association with the number of flag signs. Apart from mental well-being, we also observed a strong association between the number of psychosocial flag signs and functional difficulties.
A narrative review of anti-obesity medications for obese patients with osteoarthritis
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2022
Win Min Oo, Ali Mobasheri, David J Hunter
In addition, obesity is the dominant risk factor for OA. In a large population-based cohort (n = 1,764,061) with a median follow-up of 4.45 years, individuals with overweight (25 to <30 kg/m2), obesity grade 1 (30 to <35 kg/m2) and obesity grade 2 (≥35 kg/m2) demonstrated an increased risk for knee OA by a factor of 2, 3.1 and 4.7 fold respectively, compared with normal control (BMI < 25 kg/m2) [50]. In a meta-analysis (n = 872,717), every 5-unit increase in BMI can lead to a 35% increased risk of knee OA (RR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.51) with a stronger risk in women [51]. An estimated 24.6% of new cases of knee pain could be attributed to having overweight and obesity [52]. On the other hand, weight loss of 5.1 kg over the 10 years decreased the odds for developing knee OA by 54% [53].