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Approach to “Visual Loss”
Published in Vivek Lal, A Clinical Approach to Neuro-Ophthalmic Disorders, 2023
Aastha Takkar Kapila, Monika Singla, Vivek Lal
Local eye causes should always be borne in mind and ruled out. Hence, a thorough ophthalmologic examination is essential when suspected. While fading out of colors or a washed out appearance occurs in patients with optic nerve pathologies; monocular metamorphopsia (wavy, warped images) and positive phenomenon such as flashing or colored lights often indicate a retinal lesion.
Corneal Disorders
Published in Ching-Yu Cheng, Tien Yin Wong, Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2022
Darren S. J. Ting, Rashmi Deshmukh, Daniel S. W. Ting, Marcus Ang
Ophthalmology is a heavily imaging-centric specialty that utilizes advanced imaging technologies to assist the diagnosis and management of a wide range of ocular diseases. The widespread availability of ophthalmic images has made ophthalmology one of the best specialties for harnessing the power of AI, particularly those that employ DL-based algorithms. While the majority of ophthalmology-related AI research previously focused on the screening and diagnosis of posterior-segment diseases (e.g., diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma), AI research is now starting to gain traction in the realm of corneal diseases, particularly for keratoconus, refractive surgery, and IK.134
Companion Animals Models of Human Disease
Published in Rebecca A. Krimins, Learning from Disease in Pets, 2020
Cataracts are one of the most significant ophthalmologic diseases in veterinary medicine. Dogs are more prone to develop cataracts than other domestic animals. Cataracts are a leading cause of blindness in dogs with approximately 100 breeds affected by primary hereditary forms. Some canine breeds such as the Australian Shepherd exhibit a pronounced tendency toward inherited cataracts, and some diseases such as diabetes are also known to cause cataracts owing to a change in the crystalline lens metabolic pathway.
Evaluation of Cerebral Vasomotor Reactivity by Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy
Published in Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2023
Aslı Yaman Kula, Çiğdem Deniz, Tuğçe Özdemir Gültekin, Muhammed Altinisik, Talip Asil
A total of 43 diabetic patients (23 males) with diabetic retinopathy who were followed up in the Ophthalmology Outpatient Unit in Bezmialem Foundation University Hospital between January 2013 and January 2014 due to diabetic retinopathy and who had been referred to the Neurology Outpatient Unit by the ophthalmologist (MA) involved in the study were included. The study was approved by the Bezmialem Foundation University Hospital Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Approval No.: 71306642/050-01-04/16, Date: 28 January 2013). Participants with a known history of ischaemic or haemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease, carotid artery disease, space occupying lesions of the central nervous system (CNS), history of CNS vasculitis, history of demyelinating CNS disease, anatomical variations of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), absence of an appropriate temporal window for TCD, use of beta-blockers, chronic alcohol consumption, and unmatched severity of retinopathy between their right and left eyes were excluded. Informed patient consent was obtained from the patients before the study.
Circ_0080940 Regulates miR-139-5p/CTGF Pathway to Promote the Proliferation, Migration, Extracellular Matrix Deposition of Human Tenon’s Capsule Fibroblasts
Published in Current Eye Research, 2023
Yanxi Wang, Yinggui Yu, Manhua Xu, Juan Zhou, Gangjin Kang, Kaiming Li
Glaucoma is one of the most common blinding eye diseases in ophthalmology, and its main clinical manifestations are the characteristic optic nerve damage and visual field damage caused by elevated intraocular pressure.1,2 Glaucoma filtration surgery is currently recognized as the most effective treatment for glaucoma, but postoperative scarring of filtration blebs often leads to surgical failure.3,4 The excessive proliferation, migration and ECM deposition of human Tenon’s capsule fibroblasts (HTFs) are one of the important links in scar formation.5,6 Elucidating the molecular mechanisms that affect HTFs biological function is an effective way to explore molecular targets for glaucoma treatment. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a type of polypeptide growth factor, which is considered to be an important regulatory factor for promoting postoperative scar formation.7,8 At present, TGF-β1-induced HTFs has been widely used to simulate in vitro glaucoma cell models.9,10
Steering light in fiber-optic medical devices: a patent review
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Merle S. Losch, Famke Kardux, Jenny Dankelman, Benno H. W. Hendriks
Ophthalmology is a discipline in which optimal illumination is crucial to guarantee surgical safety and effectiveness [106]. Therefore, light diffusion has found its way into surgical practice in the last decennia. New designs contribute to the growing diversity of surgical illumination options. A second widespread ophthalmologic application is laser photocoagulation, a surgery frequently carried out to prevent vision loss in patients affected by diabetes [107], retinopathy of prematurity [108], and other ocular indications. Nagpal et al. [109] have shown that multi-spot photocoagulation leads to faster, less painful procedures with less collateral damage than standard laser treatment, while achieving similar retinopathy regression in diabetic patients. New designs to create multi-spot patterns therefore show great potential for application in laser photocoagulation.