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Cataracts (Prevention)
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
When a normal clear eye lens gets cloudy and decreases vision, this is referred to as a cataract. The eye’s lens is mostly made of water and protein which are arranged in a way that keeps the lens clear and lets light pass through it. As we age, the protein can become less organized, clouding part of the lens. Other causes of cataracts include corticosteroid treatment, trauma, diabetes, and other diseases. Symptoms may include faded colors, blurry vision, seeing halos around lights, and trouble seeing at night. This may result in difficulty driving, reading, or recognizing faces. Cataracts are the most common cause of vision loss in people over age 40 and are the principal cause of blindness in the world.
An Asian woman with blurred vision
Published in Tim French, Terry Wardle, The Problem-Based Learning Workbook, 2022
The Royal College of Ophthalmologists states that cataract surgery should be done whenever: ‘There is sufficient cataract to limit the patient’s quality of life, ability to work or drive, irrespective of the Snellen acuity, and the patient wishes to consider surgery (having received advice about the likely benefit).’(Royal College of Ophthalmologists, 2004)
Ageing
Published in Henry J. Woodford, Essential Geriatrics, 2022
Cataracts are opacities in the crystalline lens of the eye, which can cause blurred vision, increased susceptibility to glare and difficulty seeing in low light conditions. Affected people may also report seeing haloes around lights. Smoking, high alcohol intake and radiation exposure increase the risk of cataract development. They can increase the probability of accidents (including falls), impair function and lower quality of life. Surgery becomes appropriate when they are causing significant symptoms. The lens is extracted under local anaesthetic and replaced with an artificial one (termed ‘pseudophakia'). Serious complications are rare.
Age- and Sex-Standardized Prevalence of Age-Related Cataract and Its Determinants; Tehran Geriatric Eye Study (TGES)
Published in Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2022
Hassan Hashemi, Reza Pakzad, Mohamadreza Aghamirsalim, Abbasali Yekta, Mehdi Mortazavi, Rama Pourmatin, Mojgan Pakbin, Payam Nabovati, Mehdi Khabazkhoob
Cataract develops as a result of a variety of insults to the lens, largely due to the environmental pollutants, poor metabolic health, and exacerbated poor nutritional status. Because the damage to lens proteins cannot be repaired, the accumulated damage leads to increasing opacification of the lens with increasing age.9–12 Also some genetic, personal, and environmental factors, such as income,12,13 sex,11,12,14,15 body mass index,9,10,12,16 education level,9,10,12 sun exposure,12 smoking,17 diabetes,12,14,17 and occupation13 may affect its development. Therefore, several studies were conducted to estimate the prevalence of cataract and determine its risk factors in different ethnic groups and regions in the past three decades.2,9–12,14,15,17–25 Knowledge of cataract prevalence can provide useful information about disease burden and health policy making.1,4,5
Topical Administration of ACE Inhibitor Interrupts the Progression of Cataract in Two Kidney One Clip Induced Hypertensive Cataract Model
Published in Current Eye Research, 2022
Jaya Shree, Amrita Singh, Rajesh Choudhary, Devi Prasad Pandey, Surendra H. Bodakhe
Cataract is the mistiness of the eye lens and it is the primary reason of blindness, considering for 42% of all sightlessness and is the most ubiquitous ocular disease worldwide.1 There is no sole active agent reputable till now to suspension or inhibition of the cataract formation. Although, the conventional cure for cataract is exclusion of cataractous lens by surgery and replacement of cataractous lens with a polymer lens (intraocular lens implantation), but it is very expensive for underprivileged population. Moreover, there are several postoperative complications associated with cataract surgery. These are end ophthalmitis, posterior capsular opacification, and uncorrected residual refractive error.2 Therefore, it is need of the hour to search for alternative therapeutic approach for the treatment of this disorder.
Protective effect of Coleus forskohlii leaf-extract compound on progression of cataract against Fructose-Induced experimental cataract in rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Pranay Soni, Surendra H. Bodakhe
Cataract is a multifactorial disease characterized by cloudiness and opacification of the eyes lens. Cataract is the main cause of blindness accounting for 62.6% cases of blindness and 77.5% cases of avoidable blindness in India (John et al. 2008). Several risk factors recognized for cataractogenesis are diabetes, hypertension, obesity, aging, race, smoking and alcohol (Khan et al. 2017). In diabetic patients high concentration of glucose in the aqueous humor get transported into the lens that exacerbate cataract (Kaur et al. 2017). World Health Organization (WHO) reported that hypertension has become global public health issue and major cause for premature morbidity and mortality worldwide (WHO 2013). It is responsible for other cardiovascular risk factors such as stroke, coronary heart disease, diabetes and obesity (Wong et al. 2018, Wandell et al. 2018). The problem is progressive and it is expected that one-third of adult population will have hypertension worldwide by 2025 (Bhagani et al. 2018). In addition, for the treatment of cataract, surgery is the major therapeutic step; however, it has limitations and complications such as raised intraocular pressure (IOP), iris prolapse, cystoid macular edema, infection and posterior capsular opacification (PCO) (Kaur et al. 2017). Thus, the researchers are looking toward safe and natural ways to prevent cataract. Herbal medicines have been an exemplary source of new drugs, and several currently available medicines have been derived from them for the treatment of different diseases (Bai et al. 2015).