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Glaucoma
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, leading to loss of vision or blindness. Glaucoma develops often as a result of abnormally high pressure in the anterior chamber of the eye. However, not every person with increased eye pressure will develop optic nerve damage.1 There are two major types of glaucoma: open angle and closed angle. Open angle is the most common form, accounting for 90% of all cases. At first, open-angle glaucoma has no symptoms. It causes no pain and vision stays normal. Nonetheless, over time and without treatment, increased intraocular pressure damages the optic nerve. In closed-angle glaucoma, drainage canals are blocked so pressure in the eye increases. Individuals with glaucoma gradually lose their peripheral (side) vision. If glaucoma remains untreated, objects to the side and out of the corner of the eye can be missed. In more advanced cases, patients often report that their vision is like looking through a tunnel. Over time, central vision may also decrease until no vision remains.1
Approach to “Visual Loss”
Published in Vivek Lal, A Clinical Approach to Neuro-Ophthalmic Disorders, 2023
Aastha Takkar Kapila, Monika Singla, Vivek Lal
Intermittent angle-closure glaucoma can present with transient episodes of pain, nausea, vomiting, blurry vision accompanied by other visual symptoms, such as halos around lights, during episodes. Rarely, these patients may also present with isolated painless TVL.6
Teager-Kaiser Boost Clustered Segmentation of Retinal Fundus Images for Glaucoma Detection
Published in K. Gayathri Devi, Kishore Balasubramanian, Le Anh Ngoc, Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques for Medical Science, 2022
P M Siva Raja, R P Sumithra, K Ramanan
Glaucoma is an eye disease and it leads to blindness. The cruel vision-related diseases are ignored by early identification and accurate treatment of glaucoma. Many researchers are carried out for Glaucoma disease identification. However, segmentation plays a significant task that correctly detects glaucoma.
Gonioscopy Assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy:A Boon to Developing Nations–A Systematic Review
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2023
Indu Pavani Velamala, Mahesh Bharathi
About 111 million individuals by 2040 are expected to become irreversibly blind due to chronic optic neuropathy caused by glaucoma.1 The final goal of all various glaucoma treatment strategies is to prevent disease progression by lowering intraocular pressure, which is the only modifiable risk factor.2 Trabeculectomy, though gold-standard procedure, has its own complications such as hypotony, wound leak, induced astigmatism, bleb-related infections and choroidal detachment.3 Contrary to the conventional filtration surgeries, angle-based procedure, like goniotomy, is a blebless surgical procedure to decrease the intraocular pressure by increasing the aqueous humour outflow through Schlemm’s canal and collector channels. Angle-based surgery which is associated with less complications can be done for open-angle glaucoma (OAG) as primary procedure. Limited opening of Schlemm’s canal by conventional ab-externo trabeculotomy with metal trabeculotome is less effective in reducing IOP. 360-degree trabeculotomy can be achieved by either suture or illuminated micro-catheter-assisted ab-externo circumferential trabeculotomy (AECT). Although AECT was more effective than metal trabeculotomy in reducing IOP,4 it still needed conjunctival incision and scleral flap to identify and enter the Schlemm’s canal. Therefore, if need for further filtration surgery in future arises, it is not possible because of scarring of conjunctiva.5
Role of mammalian target of rapamycin in regulating HIF-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor signals in glaucoma
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2021
Jinzi Zhou, Fenghua Chen, Aimin Yan, Xiaobo Xia
Glaucoma is a group of chronic and progressive eye diseases leading to damages to the optic nerve and irreversible vision loss (Casson et al.2012, Mantravadi and Vadhar 2015). Primary open-angle glaucoma is the most common type of glaucoma (Casson et al.2012, Mantravadi and Vadhar 2015). Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the most critical risk factors of glaucoma, resulting in retinal ischaemia, optic nerve damage and retinal ganglion cell death (Selles-Navarro et al.1996, Lafuente et al.2002). Although a number of molecular mediators have been reported to be associated with the retinal and optic nerve damages in open-angle glaucoma (Almasieh et al.2012), the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms by which the disease is developed still need to be studied.
Cubogel as potential platform for glaucoma management
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Sinar Sayed, Mostafa Abdel-Moteleb, Maha Mohamed Amin, Omnia Mohamed Khowessah
Ocular drug delivery faces various challenges, as low corneal permeability and bioavailability as a result of the characteristic anatomical structure of the human eye (Rao et al., 2018). Cubosomes showed highly promising for ocular disease treatment such as glaucoma with the advantage of increasing drug corneal permeability and bioavailability (Rao et al., 2018). Glaucoma is a chronic ophthalmic disease caused by degeneration of neuronal tissue as a result of different eye diseases that in majority of patients causes increased pressure within the eye (Boia et al., 2020). This high pressure is triggered by backing of fluid in the eye that by long time produces optic nerve damage. Only early diagnosis, discovery and healing can aid to reserve vision in glaucoma. Symptoms and signs of glaucoma are; Increase intraocular pressure (IOP), discomfort, obstructed veins and swelling of the eye (Öhnell et al., 2019).