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YAG Laser
Published in Anita Prasad, Laser Techniques in Ophthalmology, 2022
Blood trapped between ILM and posterior hyaloid face near the macula can cause severe visual loss. Spontaneous resolution can occur, but recovery is slow, causing prolonged visual disability, with risk of macular scarring.
Ocular and adnexal tumours
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2014
John L. Hungerford, P. Nicholas Plowman
Although Shields et al. reported a local tumour control rate of 76% in 45 photocoagulated eyes, and best cure rates were achieved when treating tumours 1.5 mm in diameter or less,38 indirect xenon arc photocoagulation39 has been substantially superseded by hyperthermia applied directly to the tumour using infrared radiation generated by a diode laser. Some clinics have employed argon green lasers to achieve the same effect. This technique is now commonly applied as an adjunct to primary chemotherapy for intra-ocular disease under the name chemo-thermotherapy. The method has not been fully evaluated. It is as yet uncertain whether the method increases local tumour control rate compared with chemotherapy alone. Furthermore, it has not been investigated for adverse effects such as macular scarring and vitreous relapse due to direct treatment of the tumour. Both of these side effects have been seen in the clinical application of this technique at St Bartholomew’s Hospital. Compared with the indirect xenon arc method, the direct delivery of heat to the tumour employed in adjuvant laser treatments may be responsible at least in part for the substantially increased incidence of late vitreous seeding in modern treatments of RB.40
Histoplasma capsulatum
Published in Peter M. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nino Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan, Katherine N. Ward, Case Studies in Infectious Disease, 2010
Peter M. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nino Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan, Katherine N. Ward
This syndrome is only found in 1–10% of individuals who live in endemic areas. Ocular histoplasmosis damages the retina of the eyes and leaves scar tissue leading to retinal leakage and a loss of vision similar to macular degeneration. Atrophic scars with lymphocytic cell infiltration (histo spots) may be seen posterior to the equator of the eye. The condition is bilateral in approximately 10% of patients. In the case of macular scarring, retinal hemorrhage, detachment or edema may be present.
Retinal Manifestations of Juvenile Dermatomyositis: Case Report of Bilateral Diffuse Chorioretinopathy with Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy and Review of the Literature
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2018
Rene Y. Choi, Russell J. Swan, Aimee Hersh, Albert T. Vitale
Ophthalmic manifestations of JDM, while rare, have been described in the literature for the past 80 years. While many of the case reports in the literature have focused on the retinal manifestations of JDM, there have been a few studies that have revealed the low prevalence of these findings.3 Our case is unique in that it is the first case where the changes in the retina predated any skin findings in the patient. In addition, this is the first published case demonstrating FA findings indicative of a diffuse chorioretinopathy as the source for this patient’s macular edema and exudates. As with previous reports, the majority of these patients’ vision improves. The two cases where there was no significant improvement in the vision the patients suffered macular scarring and optic atrophy, respectively.10,11
Intravitreal Injection of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim Associated with Dexamethasone as an Alternative Therapy for Ocular Toxoplasmosis
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2018
Carlos E. Souza, Heloisa Nascimento, Acácio Lima, Cristina Muccioli, Rubens Belfort
In the current series, patients had a marked improvement in VA. Our 6-month analysis showed that 10 (77%) eyes had an improvement of two or more ETDRS lines of BCVA. In three patients, macular scarring limited the vision. In addition, the BCVA improved in 7 (54%) eyes by two or more ETDRS lines. No patient had decreased ETDRS lines of BCVA at the end of follow-up. A previous study reported the use of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim with dexamethasone in the same concentrations in four patients with active vision-threatening toxoplasma retinochoroiditis and found no toxicity.10
Zika virus in Brazil and worldwide: a narrative review
Published in Paediatrics and International Child Health, 2021
Marlos Melo Martins, Roberto De Andrade Medronho, Antônio José Ledo Alves Da Cunha
Although many of the signs and symptoms are also seen in other congenital syndromes caused by other infectious agents, some characteristics appear to be more related to CZS: (i) congenital microcephaly with partial cranial collapse; (ii) cerebral cortex atrophy with subcortical calcification; (iii) macular scarring and pigmented retinal mottling; (iv) congenital contractures; and (v) severe hypertonia and early extrapyramidal signs [49].