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Eyelids
Published in Mostafa Khalil, Omar Kouli, The Duke Elder Exam of Ophthalmology, 2019
Omar Kouli, Mostafa Khalil, Stewart Gillan
External hordeolum is an infection of the glands of Zeis or Moll. Internal hordeolum is an infection of the meibomian gland. It is usually due to a staphylococcal infection and presents as a painful, erythematous swelling of the eyelid. Management includes hot compresses, topical antibiotics and eyelid hygiene.
Bacteriology of Ophthalmic Infections
Published in K. Balamurugan, U. Prithika, Pocket Guide to Bacterial Infections, 2019
Arumugam Priya, Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian
Hordeolum is an acute bacterial infection causing inflammation on the eyelid margin. The infection presents the painful, erythematous, and swollen furuncle. The onset of infection is spontaneous and is dependent on the influence of lid hygiene. It is one of the most common infections of the eye. Hordeola may be associated with various complications such as diabetes, blepharitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and individuals with high levels of lipid secretion. Chalazion and hordeolum frequently presents similar signs and are often misdiagnosed. The hordeolum affects the oil glands of the eye either internally (inside the eyelids) or externally (on the eyelid, near eye lashes) (Lindsley et al., 2017).
The eye and orbit
Published in Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie, Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 2018
Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie
These are the most common lid swellings (Figure44.4). A meibomian cyst is a chronic granulomatous inflammation of a meibomian gland. It may occur on either upper or lower lids and presents as a smooth, painless swelling. It can be felt by rolling the cyst on the tarsal plate. It can be distinguished from a stye (hordeolum), which is an infection of a hair follicle and is usually painful. Persistent meibomian cysts that do not resolve with conservative treatment (hot compresses) are treated by incision and curettage from the conjunctival surface. Styes are treated by antibiotics and local heat.
More than just a stye: identifying seasonal patterns using google trends, and a review of infodemiological literature in ophthalmology
Published in Orbit, 2023
Tejus Pradeep, Advaitaa Ravipati, Samyuktha Melachuri, Roxana Fu
A stye (hordeolum) is an infection localized to the eyelid that can present as a tender, erythematous, swollen lesion. It is usually caused by an inflammatory response induced by an acute infectious source, with most cases caused by Staphylococcus aureus.1 Styes are known to be associated with skin conditions like rosacea, blepharitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and systemic conditions such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia.2,3 While styes are a common diagnosis for patients with a painful eye,4 its incidence and prevalence are unknown. This highlights an important reality: the incidence or prevalence of common conditions is relatively unknown, especially those with straightforward treatments. When looking at the case of styes, it is unlikely that valuable time and resources would be devoted to conducting an epidemiological study of its prevalence, when its treatment is simple.
Measurement of the serum zonulin levels in patients with acne rosacea
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that occurs in 2–10% of the general population and progresses with relapses (1). It manifests with flushing, erythema, telangiectasia, edema, papules, pustules, ocular lesions and rhinophyma that develop in the centrofacial region either individually or in combination. Ocular lesions include blepharitis, conjunctivitis, chalazion, hordeolum, punctate keratitis, and corneal ulcers (2). Although the pathogenesis of rosacea is not yet fully understood, genetics, immune factor, neurovascular dysregulation, microorganisms, ultraviolet light, and environmental factors, such as temperature are considered to play a combined role (3). Three human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, namely HLA-DRB1*03:01, HLA-DQB1*02:01, and HLA-DQA1*05:01 have been associated with rosacea. The known association of HLA-DRB1*03:01, HLA-DQB1*02:01, and HLA-DQA1*05:01 with haplotype 1 diabetes and that of HLA-HLA-DQB1*02:01 with Celiac disease suggests the possibility of rosacea coexisting with these autoimmune diseases (4).
The multi-faceted approach to dry eye disease
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2021
Emilie Ross, Emma Furniss, Nivaasheni Chandramohan, Maria Markoulli
Testing for evaporative dry eye indicated a lipid layer thickness of 39 nm and 44 nm in the right and left eyes, respectively, using the LipiView, well below the expected normative value (Figure 2).5 Diagnostic expression of the meibomian glands with the meibomian evaluator revealed toothpaste-like expression in both eyes. Meibography using infrared imaging on the Oculus Keratograph 5 M revealed several shortened glands in the inferior and superior lids, with missing glands in the superior lid. The left eye displayed a greater level of gland loss. Examination of the lids revealed tarsal plate scarring and irregularity in both inferior lid margins, a likely remnant of repeated inflammatory and hordeola events. Testing for aqueous deficiency revealed a low tear meniscus height in both eyes, < 0.02 mm.