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Adnexal Diseases
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Hasan Aksoy, Jordan V. Wang, Ayşe Serap Karadağ
General measures include weight reduction, smoking cessation, reducing friction by wearing loose clothing, and skin decontamination using antiseptic scrubs or antibacterial soaps. Warm compresses can be beneficial. Patients should be screened for accompanying metabolic conditions.
Complication management and prevention
Published in Jani van Loghem, Calcium Hydroxylapatite Soft Tissue Fillers, 2020
Pieter Siebenga, Jani van Loghem
Injection should be stopped immediately when the patient complains of a disproportional sudden pain and/or skin discoloration, or as soon as the injector suspects the blood supply has been compromised. An attempt should be made to aspirate the product and to improve the blood flow. Warm compresses should be applied, and the area massaged to promote vasodilation.
Venous and lymphatic disease: A historical review
Published in Peter Gloviczki, Michael C. Dalsing, Bo Eklöf, Fedor Lurie, Thomas W. Wakefield, Monika L. Gloviczki, Handbook of Venous and Lymphatic Disorders, 2017
Christine M. Dubberke, Ruth L. Bush
Prior to the discovery of anticoagulants, strict bed rest for many weeks was the cornerstone of VTE treatment. The rationale behind this treatment was that during the “acute phase” of DVT, the thrombus was not fixed to the vessel and was at high risk of migration,8 and the thrombus could be secured in place by restricting movement of the limb. Patients’ lower limbs were set in iron splints to prevent movement, and special reclining orthopedic beds were used to optimize venous return. The application of a warm compress was also used to reduce vasospasm and increase collateral circulation.8 Unfortunately, in addition to actually promoting thrombus formation and extension, prolonged immobilization was frequently associated with serious unpleasant consequences, such as lower extremity joint stiffness (ankyloses) and muscle atrophy (amyotrophia).8 Late in the nineteenth century, after observing that superficial vein thrombosis quickly vanished with the use of compression bandages, two German phlebologists (Fischer and Lasker) started prescribing compression bandages to their DVT patients. Despite their foresight and the appropriateness of their therapy, their approach was not popular due to the widespread teaching of prolonged bed rest as the most important treatment for DVT.8
Comparative Evaluation in Intense Pulsed Light Therapy Combined with or without Meibomian Gland Expression for the Treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
Published in Current Eye Research, 2021
Yiqin Chen, Junhua Li, Yue Wu, Xiaolei Lin, Xiaohui Deng, Zhao Yun-e
Patients were randomly divided into three groups by random number table: (1) MGX group (32 patients, 32 eyes); (2) IPL group (33 patients, 33 eyes), and (3) IPL + MGX group(35 patients, 35 eyes). Only right eyes were included in the study. All patients received three treatments spaced 3 weeks apart. The Lumenis M22 (Lumenis Ltd., Yokneam, Israel) was used for IPL therapy. After adjusting the appropriate parameters according to Fitzpatrick skin classification, IPL was applied across the skin area below the lower eyelid of each eye in two passes.14 The patient’s eyes were fully covered with an eye shield during the procedure. Hot compresses (43°C, 15 min) were performed with a Dy-5 multifunctional low-frequency electronic therapy instrument (Xi’an Huaya Electronic Instrument co., LTD., China). Except for the IPL group, all patients’ meibomian glands were expressed using meibomian tweezers. During the follow-up period after treatment, all subjects were instructed only to use the same formulation of artificial tears (Hycosan; sodium hyaluronate 0.1%, Ursapharm, Arzneimittel GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany) four times a day. Warm compresses were also recommended three times a day (15 min each time) throughout the follow-up period.
The multi-faceted approach to dry eye disease
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2021
Emilie Ross, Emma Furniss, Nivaasheni Chandramohan, Maria Markoulli
While artificial tears are the mainstay of tear replacement therapy, eyelid warming and meibomian gland expression is usually the first step for managing MGD12 in order to unplug meibomian gland orifices and promote meibum secretion. One challenge of take-home devices is the maintenance of heat, and hence efficacy, while another is that of compliance.13 This topic has been recently well-reviewed by Arita and Fukuoka,12 with the advice being that warm compresses should be promoted for individuals at all stages of MGD, not only for the relief of symptoms but also for the prevention of further deterioration.12 In-office therapy for MGD may include lid debridement7 followed by manual expression of glands, as well as the use of devices such as intense pulsed light therapy and thermal pulsation systems.12 Manual expression, although often painful, has been demonstrated to be efficacious.6 Thermal pulsation, as summarised by Arita and Fukuoka,4 has been shown to improve meibomian gland function, tear break-up time and dry eye symptoms. A Cochrane review of intense pulsed light found a scarcity of randomised controlled trials studying its effectiveness and safety,14 although current reports provide promising results.15
Non‐pharmaceutical treatment options for meibomian gland dysfunction
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2020
The simplest approach to warm‐compress therapy is the application of a hot towel. However, this approach has not been standardised for the treatment of MGD, with patients applying the towel for various times at various temperatures and with varying degrees of compliance.2011 One study found that application of a hot towel at 45°C for a total of at least four minutes, with replacement of the towel with a new one at the same temperature every two minutes, resulted in eyelid warming sufficient to melt meibum in individuals with MGD.2008 Such a procedure is probably not realistic for the performance of warm‐compress therapy by patients at home. Although hot towels have been found to be effective for the treatment of MGD, they have also been reported to induce transient visual impairment due to corneal distortion, as evidenced by the polygonal reflex of Fischer‐Schweitzer and that apparently results from the associated application of light pressure.2007 Therapy with a hot towel was found to be not as effective with regard to heat retention compared with microwaveable bags containing beads or wheat.2016 The application of bundled hot towels allows an appropriate temperature to be maintained, although, again, compliance is unlikely to be good.2015